The present study evaluated methods by which speech samples for equal appearing interval scaling of articulation defectiveness could be prepared with a minimum time expenditure. Ten public school speech therapists rated 40 one minute edited and 40 unedited speech samples on a nine point equal-appearing interval scale. The speech samples were…

Human performance reliability for tasks in the time-space continuous domain is defined and a general mathematical model presented. The human performance measurement terms time-to-error and time-to-error-correction are defined. The model and measurement terms are tested using laboratory vigilance and manual control tasks. Error and error-correction…

The reliability of coding problems associated with observation studies is discussed. The purpose is two-fold: a) to examine coding reliability by applying the profile method to two coding occasions separated by a lengthy time interval with the object of determining both within-occasion reliability (agreement) and between-occasion reliability…

Environment plays an influential role in behavior. There is, however, often a discrepancy between the intended academic environment (as expressed by the institution in a variety of ways), and that perceived by the students. In order to explore this discrepancy, which may exist between the intended and the perceived institutional press, it is…

Generally, ratings have notoriously low inter-rater reliabilities. Because of differences in orientation, background, and expectations, ratings are seldom made from the same point of reference; thus, many types of error mask the true rating variance. Guilford's technique identified most types of constant error by analysis of variance and then…

The results of an investigation into some special cases of the general "orthomax" formulation are presented. In particular, the effects of manipulating a parameter in this formulation on various aspects of factor solutions are identified through the use of four sets of data, varying considerably in size, and reliability and factorial complexity of…

A technique for recording pupils' experiences in the classroom, and issues related to the reliability of scores on such records are discussed. The rating instrument, the Personal Record of School Experience (PROSE), is in the form of an optical scanning sheet. Sub-professional personnel can be trained to do the observing, which is recorded on the…

The list of entries in this bibliography represents a selected sample, not an exhaustive one, of assessment instruments for prekindergarten and kindergarten children. Some standard instruments which are commercially available are included, but the majority are research instruments used successfully on an experimental basis by investigators. With…

Checking of parametric assumptions is an often ignored step in the inferential process. A misconception regarding symmetry (one aspect of "robustness") is prevalent: that in nonsymmetric distributions the mean and median are always non-coincidental. It is to this fallacious point that the discussion is directed. A generally accepted index of…

The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) may represent a breakthrough in the area of creativity research, since they provide a functional instrument for measuring creative potential in children, adolescents, and adults. However, there are certain technical problems with achieving interscorer reliability which may act as a deterrent to the…

The psychometric reliability of a factor, defined as its generalizability across samples drawn from the same population of tests, is considered as a necessary precondition for the scientific meaningfulness of factor analytic results. A solution to the problem of generalizability is illustrated empirically on data from a set of tests designed to…

In Dyer's Student Change Model, performance indicators (PIs) are utilized as a measure of the effectiveness of educational programs. These PIs are examined and analyzed in some detail in this paper. In particular, the reliability of the residuals, the sensitivity of the measure to sample size, the random half reliability, and the stability of the…

The optimum weighting of variables to predict a dependent-criterion variable is an important problem in nearly all of the social and natural sciences. Although the predominant method, multiple regression analysis (MR), yields optimum weights for the sample at hand, these weights are not generally optimum in the population from which the sample was…

Two studies are reported that examined the extent to which job candidates were able to modify their responses on Rotter's (1966) Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) Scale in accord with various instructional and situational constraints. Results show care should be exercised when utilizing the I-E scale in employee selection procedures.…

Item correlations performed between student ratings of instruction in various situations clearly indicate that student ratings are consistent across time, but that this consistency is related to specific educational settings and conditions as well as instructor idiosyncracies. (RC)