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Kaplan, Avi; Cromley, Jennifer; Perez, Tony; Dai, Ting; Mara, Kyle; Balsai, Michael – Educational Researcher, 2020
In this commentary, we complement other constructive critiques of educational randomized control trials (RCTs) by calling attention to the commonly ignored role of context in causal mechanisms undergirding educational phenomena. We argue that evidence for the central role of context in causal mechanisms challenges the assumption that RCT findings…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Educational Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Causal Models
Kaplan, Avi; Cromley, Jennifer; Perez, Tony; Dai, Ting; Mara, Kyle; Balsai, Michael – Grantee Submission, 2020
In this commentary, we complement other constructive critiques of educational randomized control trials (RCTs) by calling attention to the commonly ignored role of context in causal mechanisms undergirding educational phenomena. We argue that evidence for the central role of context in causal mechanisms challenges the assumption that RCT findings…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Educational Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Causal Models
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Leviton, Laura C.; Lipsey, Mark W. – New Directions for Evaluation, 2007
"Theory as Method: Small Theories of Treatments," by Mark W. Lipsey, is one of the most influential and highly cited articles to appear in "New Directions for Evaluation." It articulated an approach in which methods for studying causation depend, in large part, on what is known about the theory underlying the program. Lipsey discussed the benefits…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Research Design, Program Effectiveness, Causal Models
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Maris, Ronald W. – Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1991
To predict suicide, explicit causal models of suicide outcome are needed in which predictors are temporally ordered and then tested statistically. Because suicide is a dichotomous, nominal scale outcome, only certain statistics for prediction are appropriate. Logistic regression, which utilizes the likelihood ratio test of statistical inference,…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Predictive Measurement, Predictor Variables, Research Design
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Kavale, Kenneth A. – Exceptionality: A Research Journal, 1991
An author of a paper (EC 602 060) that presents two causal models of learning disabilities comments on his interest in the research, how the research design developed, limitations of the research, and the need for replication with other disability groups. (JDD)
Descriptors: Causal Models, Elementary Secondary Education, Learning Disabilities, Mathematical Models
Harnisch, Delwyn L.; And Others – 1992
This paper describes several common types of research studies in special education transition literature and the threats to their validity. It then describes how the evidential base may be broadened, how diverse sources of evidence can be combined to strengthen causal inferences, and the role of judgment within quasi-experimentation. The paper…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Disabilities, Education Work Relationship, Evaluative Thinking
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Eisner, Elliot W. – Educational Researcher, 1992
Educational researchers are not engaged in discovering mechanistic universal truths sought by positivists or tidy prescriptions about what works. Instead, they provide guidelines and interpretive material to liberate the teacher's intelligence so that the teacher can use whatever ability he or she can achieve. (SLD)
Descriptors: Causal Models, Educational Improvement, Educational Philosophy, Educational Research
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Popkewitz, Thomas S. – Educational Researcher, 1992
F. Schrag is preoccupied with enhancing education, but who decides what enhancement is? He has confused positivism with empiricism. Positivism is a specific philosophical movement that is associated with logical positivism. The empiricism that Schrag labels positivism preceded the philosophic traditions. (SLD)
Descriptors: Anxiety, Causal Models, Educational Improvement, Educational Philosophy