The problem of bias in rankings due to the initial position of entities when presented to judges is discussed. A modification of the Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance to test "ranking error" is presented. (JKS)

Most researchers using analysis of variance (ANOVA) use a fixed-effects model. However, a random- or mixed-effects model may be a more appropriate fit for many research designs. One benefit of the random- and mixed-effects models is that they yield more generalizable results. This paper focuses on the similarities and differences between the…

Four approximate statistical tests are considered for repeated measurement designs in which observations are multivariate normal with arbitrary variance-covariance matrices. (Author/JKS)

This paper discusses the basics of repeated measures designs. Within-subjects designs are compared to between-subjects designs, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Further discussion compares a univariate one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the between-subjects ANOVA and multivariate repeated measures ANOVA. Limitations of…

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs typically use what is referred to as crossed design to test for differences between means of groups. In a balanced, or crossed, one-way ANOVA, each student (unit of analysis) would have a score in each of the experimental conditions. In a two-way design, the analysis is considered crossed if each level from one…

The basic ideas underlying the Shine-Bower ANOVA for single-subject designs are combined with those of certain repeated measures designs to produce a highly flexible design possessing the advantages of the single-subject and multi- subject approaches to research. Schematic calculation procedures are presented for the two-way case. (Author)

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was invented in the 1920s to partition variance of a single dependent variable into uncorrelated parts. Having uncorrelated parts makes the computations involved in ANOVA incredibly easier. This was important before computers were invented, when calculations were all done by hand, and also were done repeatedly to check…

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a frequently used statistical procedure in education and the social sciences. Very often the use of ANOVA involves situations with unequal cell sizes. When confronted with data to analyze from an unbalanced design, the researcher should select very carefully from the method or option in the statistical package being…

The repeated measures design is of importance to those interested in doing learning studies concerned with repeated trials on a single type of task, repeated trials on different tasks, or both together crossed with and following different treatments. In doing analysis of variance with such data it is assumed that the data fits an additive model.…

Using a recent innovation described by Pedhazur, a simpler regression solution to the repeated measures design is shown. Use of the techniques is described and an example is presented. (Author/JKS)

Since fixed and random facets may exist in objects of study as well as in conditions of observation, various modifications of the generalizability theory estimation formulas are required for different types of measurement designs. Various design modifications are proposed to improve reliability by reducing error variance. (Author/BW)

Rules are given for finding average variances and covariances from mean squares, and the reverse. These serve the same purpose as recursion formulas provided by Stanley and Wiley (1962), but a knowledge of matrix algebra is not needed. A four-factor design is used to illustrate their application. (Author/RC)

Analyses of data are presented to illustrate the advantages of using a priori or planned comparisons rather than omnibus analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests followed by post hoc or posteriori testing. The two types of planned comparisons considered are planned orthogonal non-trend coding contrasts and orthogonal polynomial or trend contrast coding.…