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Hong, Sanghyun; Reed, W. Robert – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
The purpose of this study is to show how Monte Carlo analysis of meta-analytic estimators can be used to select estimators for specific research situations. Our analysis conducts 1620 individual experiments, where each experiment is defined by a unique combination of sample size, effect size, effect size heterogeneity, publication selection…
Descriptors: Monte Carlo Methods, Meta Analysis, Research Methodology, Experiments
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López-López, José A.; Page, Matthew J.; Lipsey, Mark W.; Higgins, Julian P. T. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2018
Systematic reviews often encounter primary studies that report multiple effect sizes based on data from the same participants. These have the potential to introduce statistical dependency into the meta-analytic data set. In this paper, we provide a tutorial on dealing with effect size multiplicity within studies in the context of meta-analyses of…
Descriptors: Effect Size, Literature Reviews, Meta Analysis, Research Methodology
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Curtin, François – Research Synthesis Methods, 2017
Clinical trials have different designs: In late stage drug development, the parallel trial design is the most frequent one; however, the crossover design is not rare; different techniques are used to analyse their results. Although both designs measure the same treatment effect, combining parallel and crossover trials in a meta-analysis is not…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Computation, Research Design, Drug Therapy
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Debray, Thomas P. A.; Moons, Karel G. M.; van Valkenhoef, Gert; Efthimiou, Orestis; Hummel, Noemi; Groenwold, Rolf H. H.; Reitsma, Johannes B. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2015
Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis is an increasingly used approach for synthesizing and investigating treatment effect estimates. Over the past few years, numerous methods for conducting an IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA) have been proposed, often making different assumptions and modeling choices while addressing a similar research…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Outcomes of Treatment, Research Methodology, Literature Reviews
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Higgins, Julian P. T.; Lane, Peter W.; Anagnostelis, Betsy; Anzures-Cabrera, Judith; Baker, Nigel F.; Cappelleri, Joseph C.; Haughie, Scott; Hollis, Sally; Lewis, Steff C.; Moneuse, Patrick; Whitehead, Anne – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Background: Because meta-analyses are increasingly prevalent and cited in the medical literature, it is important that tools are available to assess their methodological quality. When performing an empirical study of the quality of published meta-analyses, we found that existing tools did not place a strong emphasis on statistical and…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Research Methodology, Quality Control, Measurement Techniques
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Higgins, Julian P. T.; Ramsay, Craig; Reeves, Barnaby C.; Deeks, Jonathan J.; Shea, Beverley; Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Tugwell, Peter; Wells, George – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Non-randomized studies may provide valuable evidence on the effects of interventions. They are the main source of evidence on the intended effects of some types of interventions and often provide the only evidence about the effects of interventions on long-term outcomes, rare events or adverse effects. Therefore, systematic reviews on the effects…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Intervention, Program Effectiveness, Program Evaluation
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Reeves, Barnaby C.; Higgins, Julian P. T.; Ramsay, Craig; Shea, Beverley; Tugwell, Peter; Wells, George A. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Background: Methods need to be further developed to include non-randomised studies (NRS) in systematic reviews of the effects of health care interventions. NRS are often required to answer questions about harms and interventions for which evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not available. Methods used to review randomised…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Research Design, Health Services, Workshops
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Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Thompson, Simon G. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Background: Confounding caused by selection bias is often a key difference between non-randomized studies (NRS) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions. Key methodological issues: In this third paper of the series, we consider issues relating to the inclusion of NRS in systematic reviews on the effects of interventions. We discuss…
Descriptors: Research Design, Randomized Controlled Trials, Intervention, Bias
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Hedges, Larry V.; Pustejovsky, James E.; Shadish, William R. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2013
Single-case designs are a class of research methods for evaluating treatment effects by measuring outcomes repeatedly over time while systematically introducing different condition (e.g., treatment and control) to the same individual. The designs are used across fields such as behavior analysis, clinical psychology, special education, and…
Descriptors: Effect Size, Research Design, Research Methodology, Behavioral Science Research