In this paper the author discusses how 21st century education researchers could and in his opinion, should approach the scientific description of the various entities that they might encounter. The word "entities" in pedagogical context refers to phenomena and structures such as "an education system", "education",…

Experimental designs are distinguished as the best method to respond to questions involving causality. The purpose of the present paper is to explicate the logic of experimental design and why it is so vital to questions that demand causal conclusions. In addition, types of internal and external validity threats are discussed. To emphasize the…

In this speech, the author explains that metamethodology is a system designed to develop and test a methodology for a specific, definable purpose; and, as such, to provide for the development of, and the research into, methodologies. The paper begins with a brief clarification of the difference between methods and methodology and a discussion of…