The existing empirical literature on the outcomes of marital and pre-marital enrichment programs is critically reviewed. Six specific issues are addressed in an effort to improve the quality and utility of further research and practice in this area. (Author)

All available research in which a therapeutic expectancy was directly assessed and than related to a measure of outcome was reviewed. The review revealed that across all studies both client and therapist expectancies appear related to improvement; however, in the better-designed research a differential pattern emerges in which client expectancy no…

In this paper a broad perspective on the phenomenon of teaching and learning is presented. The complex dynamics of interaction between teacher, student, and educational researcher are explored. Conventional research in education is characterized as relying heavily on methods adopted from other types of research in such fields as agriculture and…