Subjects asked to recall the 20 items and (not necessarily in) their order on a list took 34 percent fewer trials to learn the list to three perfect trials than did subjects who were asked just to recall the items. (Editor)

The present paper is concerned with uncontrollable, aversive stimulation. (Editor)

This investigation examined the effects of a variety of cue criterion function forms and attempted to evaluate the contribution of the factors just named, i.e., the response consistency of subjects, detection of task linearity, and the detection of task nonlinearity, to observed differences in learning. (Author/RK)

The study compared multiple-list transfer (from three training lists) and single-list transfer (from one training list), with total amount of training held constant (at 3, 12, or 36 trials) and with each A-B' and A'-B training list at the same level of similarity to the transfer list. (Editor)

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the results obtained by Knowles et al. were a result of varying levels of redundancy or varying levels of other task parameters. (Author)

To show how a subject's memory of previous responses and their outcomes affects responding, as in Buchwald's cognitive model, the subject in the present study had to recall his previous response and its outcome before choosing the correct response. (Editor/RK)

This study is concerned with the transfer of learned helplessness from one aversive motivator, shock, to another, frustration. (Author)

These experiments seek evidence for the existence, the operation, and the extent of influence of one type of code--a verbal, linguistic, semantic, name code--on memory. As well, they bring a new stimulus dimension, color, to this kind of test in a manner that would allow identification of individual variation in the use of different verbal labels…

This study highlights some theoretical ideas which should be considered in attempting to assess the degree of abstraction underlying conceptual learning. (Author/RK)

If animals receive inescapable electric shocks, their subsequent avoidance-escape learning is poor. This phenomenon, which can be called "the interference effect", was studied in four experiments. (Editor)

In Thorndikian experiments, Ss have performed better on Trial 2 when they were told whether Trial 1 responses were right or wrong on Trial 2 than when given this information immediately after each response on Trial 1. Authors reexamined these experiments. (Editor/RK)

The three experiments reported in this article were concerned with the question of how response factors influence the process of stimulus encoding. (Author)

Together, these studies replicate and extend Gordon and Spear's (1973a) findings that proactive interference decreases as the interval between prior and subsequent learning increases and that reactivation of a prior memory just before subsequent learning significantly increases the proactive interference due to the prior learning. (Author/RK)

Stimulus analyzer theory as proposed by Sutherland and Mackintosh (1971) makes the unique prediction that the first-experienced reinforcement schedule will influence resistance to extinction more than subsequent schedules. Results presently reported of runaway acquisition and extinction indicate the opposite: C-P consistently produce substantially…

Individual items were tested for old-new and right-wrong identifications following one, two, or four study trials on a multiple-item recognition learning task. The pattern found for functional identifications suggests that frequency cues may be supplemented by other kinds of cues that enhance identifications of items in terms of their prior study…