Similarity of impairment in naturally occurring depression and laboratory-induced, learned helplessness was demonstrated in college students. (Editor)

Uses new approaches to differentiate three types of models describing intuitive numerical prediction. (Author)

This investigation examined the effects of a variety of cue criterion function forms and attempted to evaluate the contribution of the factors just named, i.e., the response consistency of subjects, detection of task linearity, and the detection of task nonlinearity, to observed differences in learning. (Author/RK)

In an experiment on the effects of blank trials on probability learning, some informational parameters were varied. The results showed that the presence of blank trials shifted response probabilities toward the guessing level. Data from other experiments are considered, and the relevance of the results to studies of behavior with concurrent…

This paper conceptualizes lifetime marital experience in the form of a summary flowchart approach which highlights the longitudinal dimension and captures the dynamics of lifetime marital experience which are absent from previous research based on census data and vital statistics records. (Author)

A model for inferential accuracy in clinical judgments was proposed in which two major processes, sensitivity and threshold, was hypothesized. (Editor/RK)

This paper describes and tests a two-stage model for a "semantic congruity effect" in comparative judgments. (Editor)

The present experiment was designed to provide a test of observational learning (acquisition) and broad imitative behavior (performance) following exposure to models who were controllers or rival consumers of resources. (Author)

Argues for the importance of combining the concerns of the functionalist (Dewey, 1910) approach to memory with investigations of the effects of context and task demands. Two experiments are reported that demonstrate interactions between task demands and the more traditional functionalist variables. Particularly demonstrates that the effects of…

Describes alternative theoretical positions regarding (a) the component information processes used in analogical reasoning and (b) strategies for combining these processes. Also presents results from three experiments on analogical reasoning. (Author/RK)

When shown a pair of digits and asked to select the larger of the two, subjects make their choice more quickly as the numerical difference between the digits increases. Presents and tests a semantic coding model that can explain this and all previous results. (Editor)

This paper presents five designs (three one-group and two two-group) which can be effectively employed to study computer-based methods in non-laboratory settings, including actual classroom implementation, where a non-treatment control design may not be feasible. These designs are sequential analysis, value-added analysis, non-equivalent dependent…

The present experiments test two plausible interpretations of the effect of frequency on relative recency judgments. (Editor)

This research assesses whether the presence of noise elements in a visual display affects the detection of target letters at the perceptual or feature extraction level of information processing and whether (a) input or processing channels operate in an independent or interactive fashion and (b) how the spatial relation between signal and noise…

The times children take to reach correct solutions to seven easy Block Design items from the try-out version of the British Intelligence Scale were analyzed in terms of two regression models. (Editor)