Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a statistical method used to examine group differences on multiple outcomes. This article reports results of a review of MANOVA in gifted education journals between 2011 and 2017 (N = 56). Findings suggest a number of conceptual and procedural misunderstandings about the nature of MANOVA and its…

The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of a hypothesized shift in the operative research paradigms in music education during the first quarter century of the publication of the "Journal of Research in Music Education," during the period 1953 to 1978. This shift was from humanities-oriented historical and philosophical studies…

The present article provides a primer on using effect sizes in research. A small heuristic data set is used in order to make the discussion concrete. Additionally, various admonitions for best practice in reporting and interpreting effect sizes are presented. Among these is the admonition to not use Cohen's benchmarks for "small," "medium," and…

Three procedures for evaluating the replicability of descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA) results are discussed. The techniques include cross-validation, the jackknife, and the bootstrap. Discriminant analysis is a multivariate technique used when group membership or classification is the focus of the analysis. DDA is used to describe major…

The use of Procrustean rotation as a procedure for assessing the invariance of study results is proposed. Researchers have long relied on significance testing as a measure of judging the worthiness of empirical findings. However, significance testing has come under fire because it does not provide information about the importance or replicability…

Statistical significance is often inappropriately equated with evaluating result importance and evaluating result replicability, even though these are three somewhat different issues. The prudent researcher must separately assess each of these elements of the "research triumvirate" by using different methods. This paper focuses on two…

Three strategies for augmenting the interpretation of significance test results are illustrated. Determining the most suitable indices to use in evaluating empirical results is a matter of considerable debate among researchers. Researchers increasingly recognize that significance tests are very limited in their potential to inform the…