The booklet addresses issues regarding the prevalence of mental retardation. Difficulties in obtaining prevalence figures are noted, specifically limitations of the use of the population curve. Prevalence studies are reviewed and methodological problems cited. Sex, age, and socioeconomic factors in the prevalence of mental retardation are…

A relationship exists between attitudes and some behaviors, and learners' attitudes are definitely influenced by mediated instruction. Attitudes can be defined and measured, using systematic processes such as self-reports, reports of others, sociometric procedures, or records. Researchers have examined the relationship between attitude positions…

Educational researchers have claimed that the quantitative and qualitative approaches to educational inquiry are, indeed, compatible. However, it would be unfortunate to discontinue this debate. The quantitative-qualitative debate began with the interpretive approach to social inquiry. Dilthey argued that since cultural/moral sciences differ from…

The high incidence of reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam veterans has prompted researchers to search for reliable assessment and treatment procedures for this disorder. Although some encouraging preliminary data on the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) have been obtained, it is uncertain if this…

Monte Carlo studies explored the sampling characteristics of Cohen's d and three approximations to Cohen's d when used as average effect size measures in meta-analysis. Reviews of 10, 100, and 500 studies (M) were simulated, with degrees of freedom (df) varied in seven steps from 8 to 58. In a two independent groups design, samples were obtained…

Because health behavior is often concerned with dynamic constructs, a longitudinal approach to measurement is needed. The Longitudinal Guttman Simplex (LGS) is a measurement model developed especially for dynamic constructs exhibiting cumulative, unitary development measured longitudinally. Data from the Television Smoking Prevention Project, a…

The extremely popular "training" studies, virtually all of which have been devoted to the attempt to experimentally induce conservation in nonconserving subjects, were discussed with respect to the logic underlying the method and surrounding theoretical and methodological difficulties. (Author/SDH)

Delineates some research recommendations for the group which attended the National Conference on Black Women in America so that those who represent the various disciplinary areas could evaluate them to determine whether or not they might be applicable in their own communities. (Author/JM)

An analysis of the research in adult education undertaken in the 1960's in Quebec Province found the majority to be short term studies low in scientific theory and financially supported by sponsors who determine the direction and objectives. (The article is in French; an English abstract is appended.) (AJ)

A special symposium held at the University of Southern California examined an agenda for action, "Social Research on Broadcasting--Proposals for Further Development," which was commissioned by the British Broadcasting Company and written by Professor Elihu Katz of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Participants included communications and…

Discusses new focus and format of the Personnel and Guidance Journal and relate this new focus to changes needed in counseling research. (EJT)

Describes conceptual problems in modeling the university as a firm and in studying the higher education industry. Suggests particular problems of adjusting to no growth. (JT)

Analyzes several manpower forcasts of the 1960's and early 1970's and the main reasons for their inaccuracy, suggesting new directions for research on labor markets for the highly educated. (JT)

Six major problems confronting attempts to use nonmetric multidimensional scaling to represent structures underlying similarity data are identified and the author's prospects for over-coming each of these problems are presented. (RC)

This article relates a brief historical background of social sciences in Japan, the institutional framework of social science education and research, and major issues and perspectives for the development of the social scinces. (ND)