Interviews with 26 experienced international evaluators are reported to identify problems and possible solutions in cross cultural evaluations (evaluations of programs or projects in developing countries by persons from the industrialized West). It is concluded that understanding cultural norms and values increases an evaluator's ability to…

Variations in perceptions of evaluation, research methods, time, social class, and priorities are only some of the reasons why evaluation work in a Third World setting calls evaluators' basic assumptions about people and society into question. Evaluation experiences in the Caribbean are used to illustrate practical problems that may arise.…

The central finding emerging from this literature review is that rewards can have either undermining or enhancing effects depending on the circumstances. It emerges that the recipient's perception of the functions of the dispensed reward is critically important. (Author/PN)

Conducted a content analysis of research articles (N=80) published in professional journals to assess the reliance on one family member for data to be generalized to the conjugal or family unit. Results showed that over time (1965-1978) there has been a continued reliance on individual family members for data. (JAC)

Reviews literature that describes the rational and nonrational factors sustaining the myth that stimulant medication is ineffective for hyperactive adolescents. Discusses methodological problems and factors--such as increasing size, misbehavior and misattribution, and perceived relationship to drug abuse--that influence treatment decisions. (JAC)

A brief history of research in sport psychology based on Lander's (1982) analysis is presented. A systematic approach to theory building is offered. Previous methodological inadequacies are identified using examples of observational learning and anxiety. (Author/DF)

Threshold analysis (TA) is introduced as an evaluation model. TA converts unknown variables into questions as to whether a given benefit, cost, or success probability is more or less than a threshold, above which the proposed project would be profitable, and below which it would be unprofitable. (Author/PN)

The recent research on school or educational leadership is reviewed in an attempt to define some of the major recurring research problems. This paper outlines and describes both methodological problems and organizational perspective problems so that future research efforts can be strengthened. (BW)

Reviews the existing literature on the perceptions, knowledge, and use of services by the elderly. Results suggest many elderly do not hold positive attitudes towards services, a bare majority appear aware of services, utilization rates are extremely low, and the correlates of service use are not well understood. (JAC)

Suggests that general English education specialists--those who try to remain on top of all developments but specialize in none--are in a unique and valuable position to provide measured assessment and guidance in English education studies. (HOD)

Acknowledges the gap between research and practice and calls for a coordinated effort among researchers to find out why some practices are used, why some things continue to be taught, and why others are ignored. (HOD)

Discusses the question of appropriate research methodologies for social psychology research, casting "involved participation" and role enactment as contrasting methodologies, with deception used in either case where necessary. Involved participation is considered to be more flexible and more suited for the testing of hypotheses whereas role…

An evaluation of the findings on the effect of contrasting teaching methods on children's progress in primary schools in relation to similar studies in America is discussed. (Editor/RK)

Available from: EC 090 265.

This paper evaluated the Grow-Shapiro study of transracial adoption of black children by white parents and assessed its relevance to the controversy over transracial adoption finding that the study failed to seriously address itself to the question of black identity and its correlates--the crux of the adoption controversy. Some suggestions made…