Two approaches to communication research, diffusion theory (individual-level analysis) and empathy approach (action implications through society) raise ethical concerns. The popularity of the approaches is related to power: those, such as government agencies, who provide funding often reflect self-interest in project selection. Some ethical…

A persistent problem in aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) research has been the need for a better conceptualization of instructional treatments. The concerns are important in the analysis of instructional treatments: the importance of considering the psychological processes called upon by the instructional treatment, and the ecological validity…

One of the important factors contributing to the current interest in the development of social competence in preschool children is the acceptance of such competencies as appropriate outcomes in the evaluation of preschool intervention programs. Measurement of social competence is still in an early stage of development. One problem is that…

A CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH IN MUSIC EDUCATION SPONSORED BY THE USOE AND THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY WAS HELD IN COLUMBUS, OHIO, FEBRUARY 26 THROUGH MARCH 4, 1967. THE CONFERENCE WAS DEVELOPED BECAUSE OF CONCERNS ABOUT THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF RESEARCH IN MUSIC EDUCATION. THE PURPOSE OF THE CONFERENCE WAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR THE…

FIVE MAJOR TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ARE IDENTIFIED BY S.D. SIEBER--(1) UNIVERSITY BASED, (2) REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL LABORATORIES, (3) STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION, (4) LOCAL SCHOOL SYSTEMS, AND (5) PRIVATE TESTING AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS. FOUR PROBLEM AREAS RELATED TO EACH SETTING ARE DEALT WITH BY N.L.…

THE STUDY COMPARED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE MAILING TECHNIQUES FOR STIMULATING THE INTEREST OF PERSONS WHO HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN IDENTIFIED AS UNINTERESTED IN CONDUCTING OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. THE SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 4,222 TEACHERS IN PRACTICAL ARTS, VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION, AND COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE. THE AUTHORS…

This paper presents a rationale for observing black mothers during semi-structured play activities with their toddlers. It appraises the strengths and weaknesses of such situational assessments of mother-infant dyads, arguing that in addition to observational data the collection of introspective interview data from mothers is essential. Interview…

Evaluators often utilize analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) techniques to compensate statistically for the lack of experimental control when assessing the effects of innovative programs implemented in naturalistic settings. In this paper design, analysis, and reporting considerations important to the application of ANCOVA-type techniques in…

An attempt is made to define the meaning of invention and innovation in mathematics education in order to help develop guidelines for policies of research and development in this area. Spectrums of invention in the realms of geometry and group theory are proposed as models of ordering understanding of creative activity within mathematics. This…

A number of examples are presented to illustrate a common flaw in the published research on learning, memory, and instruction. Experimental subjects--often college students--have certain expectations about the problems they will be asked to solve and about the questions that will appear on reading comprehension or recall tests; these expectations…

This paper represents two intentions: to discuss the need for theoretical advance in generational studies, and to make suggestions about expanding the design repertoire of generational studies in the interests of these theory developments. First, because generational phenomena on the face seem intransigent to experiment, a comment on…

The possible influence of cognitive dissonance in psychotherapy was examined by conceptualizing therapy as an effort justification process. It was predicted that freely choosing to undergo a highly effortful procedure would aid in positive therapeutic change. Subjects (N=52) participated in a weight-reduction experiment in which the degree of…

A number of problems may arise when university-based researchers conduct research in public school districts. Administrators may be suspicious about the value of research activities unless they are given an accurate understanding of its outcomes and benefits. Those conducting research in school systems must ask themselves a number of questions…

The way in which graduate students attending British universities approach their one year of research study and the problems they encounter as graduate students were studied as part of an investigation into postgraduate education undertaken at the University of Aberdeen. Of the 77 students, 56 (39 Ph.D., 17 Master's candidates) were registered in…

The document discusses limitations of the current practice of educational ethnography and suggests that ethnographers could best help teachers through more participation and less observation. Ethnography is the process of describing reality from the point of view of the participant through direct observation of social behavior. Some weaknesses…