The process by which expectations influence social interaction can be investigated, according to the authors. Hence, the Behavioral Expectations Scale (BES) was developed. Preliminary data indicate the BES may be useful in further investigation of the role of expectation in influencing the behavior toward those labeled "mentally ill."…

Three types of correlations were used to examine interrelationships of scales for therapist empathy, warmth, genuineness, self-disclosure, and immediacy. Immediacy and self-disclosure were not significantly related to empathy and warmth for high-facilitative therapists. Results suggest use of all facilitative scales is best justified when ongoing…

This study revealed practitioners place greatest importance on those variables usually associated with a more "active" approach to counseling while the educators identify more closely with those variables associated with a more "passive" approach to counseling. (Author)

This study aims to determine whether trait categories are generally perceived as more applicable to others than to self. Subjects described themselves and two acquaintances on trait checklists, indicating not only placement on trait continuum but also perceived consistency of trait-related behavior. Positive, negative, and neutral traits were…

Marital satisfaction, involving 150 couples selected at-large and 40 couples in therapy, was investigated in two studies. An initial focus was the development of a 280-item Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI) including one validity scale, one global affective scale, and nine additional scales focusing on specific areas of marital interaction.…

The present study explored the effect of verbal dissembling on nonverbal behavior. Subjects were 146 females who were led to be either truthful or deceptive verbally to a confederate. The underlying affective state of the subjects and the publicness of the interaction between subject and confederate were also varied experimentally. The nonverbal…

An interview between a college counselor and client, comprising 54 dyads, was used to demonstrate a classification system for counselor retrospections. The interview and subsequent counselor retrospections and client reactions were recorded, transcribed, and coded. After intercoder agreement was established, contingency analyses were computed. In…

The Counselor Rating Form (CRF) was developed as an instrument intended to measure clients' perception of counselor behavior on the dimensions of expertness, attractiveness and trustworthiness. The CRF was based on Strong's model of counseling as an interpersonal influence process and constructed to contain 36 bipolar adjectives, each 12 designed…

"A Study of Schooling" is an in-depth descriptive study of 38 purposively sampled schools in the United States. Many aspects of the educational process were examined, from student attitudes to principal leadership styles. Essential to this comprehensive view of education is a view of within classroom processes, including teacher student…