The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the helping process in groups. Specifically, it examined the relation between counselor facilitating behaviors, client facilitating behaviors, and client self-exploration in groups. The modeling of counselor facilitating behaviors by clients may be a mediating variable between counselor and…

There was a statistically significant difference in measured behavioral changes of a group of helpees aided by counselors who scored high or low on Carkhuff measures. There seemed to be a direct correlation between desirable counseling processes and later positive outcomes, according to ratings on a behavioral scale. (Author)

This article explores the level of congruence that six different personality types feel for the social environment of counseling, and, using a hexagonal model, calculates the expected effects of this variable upon interaction. The article illustrates the special nature of the male personality, and suggests alterations of present counseling…

To assess the influence of counselor philosophy and client type on the range of counselor trainee verbal behavior, the Philosophies of Human Nature Scale was administered to 34 counseling students who subsequently interviewed role-played clients. Results indicate client type only, not counselor's philosophy, influenced the range of trainee verbal…

Possible discrepancies between client and counselor assessment of clients' problems were examined. Attribution theory suggests that counselors perceive clients' problems to lie with the clients as persons, whereas clients perceive their problems to be a result of situational pressures. Both groups perceived client problems as relatively personal.…

The impact of social desirability on level and type of self-disclosure under varying model characteristics was studied. In the no-model condition, social desirability had no effect on the level or content of self-disclosure. Models had no effect on low self-disclosure, but did create modeling effects on high self-disclosure subjects. (NG)

The role of social desirability on willingness to view erotic materials under conditions of implicit approval and disapproval was studied. Low need-for-approval subjects were more influenced by situational cues than high need-for-approval subjects. (NG)

The perceptions of empathy among 12 clients, 12 counselors, 12 observers, and two judges on the empathy subscale of the Truax Relationship Inventory and on Carkhuff's empathy rating scale were studied. Results indicate strong agreement among all participants of the counseling process on their perceptions of empathy. (Author)

This study reexamined the effects of client sex and counselor sex on self-disclosure in a controlled analogue situation using a measure of self-disclosure that would reflect the affective dimension. A secondary aim was to determine if subject evaluation of the interviews would parallel self-disclosure results. An equal number (40) of male and…

Questionnaires were sent to a national random sample of the clinical membership of the American Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (N=465) to ascertain their attitudes and practices toward clients involved in sexually open marriage, secret affairs, and recreational swinging. Counselors' biases toward such clients are discussed. (Author)

Sixty-four volunteer male and female psychotherapists from various disciplines with 5.83 average years experience and case loads of 17.88 hours per week were studied with the aid of a questionnaire to rate possible bias toward women counselees. Cultural expectations are examined along with response bias. The study found that personal agreement had…

Research assessed the effects of counselor physical attractiveness and inter-actions between attractiveness and counselor subject sex. It is suggested that sex of counselor and client may play a more important role independently and in conjunction with attractiveness than does attractiveness alone in influencing impressions and expectations.…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between therapists' scores on the Community Mental Health Ideology Scale and the Democratic Values Scale and their ratings of patient case histories on a number of attitudinal dimensions. Results are presented. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of counseling errors as perceived by 60 former counseling service clients, and to see whether those errors are associated with counselor levels of training and experience. Results indicate they are related to level of training. (Author)

The authors examined the longitudinal relationship of patient-rated perfectionism, clinician-rated depression, and observer-rated therapeutic alliance using the latent difference score (LDS) analytic framework. Outpatients involved in the Treatment for Depression Collaborative Research Program completed measures of perfectionism and depression at…