Two groups of paid female students were employed in a modified Aronson and Carlsmith (1962) expectancy-performance design. Overall results did not support predictions derived from dissonance theory. (Author)

Sleep patterns of elderly subjects (N=12) differed from young adult levels. When sleep variables were compared with individual changes in intellectual function measured across the seventh through 10th decades of life, a positive correlation was found between time in REM sleep and several longitudinal measures of mental functioning. (Author)

Attributions of causes of successful task performances as a function of task and sex of the performer were investigated. Introductory psychology students (N=157) were presented with closed-circuit, videotaped episodes in which a male or female stimulus person performed a card-guessing task for 10 trials. Subjects heard the task described to the…

Performance expectancy and satisfaction were investigated in terms of the rate of change in performance outcomes. In a two-by-two factorial design, the direction (improving or deteriorating) and rate (accelerating or decelerating) of change in performance were manipulated using false feedback in a computerized math game. In accord with performance…

Ninety-six female introductory psychology students differing in terms of the dimensions of neuroticism-stability and introversion-extraversion performed two sets of thirty trials each on a choice reaction time task. On one of the sets of trials the Ss were observed by two female observers and on the other set of trials the observers were not…

The problem-solving performance of young boys and girls was examined in three conditions in which good performance was indicated as being appropriate for boys, for girls, or for both boys and girls. The relations between task scores and five sex-role measures were also examined. As predicted, the boys performed significantly poorer when the task…

Extensive research has been conducted examining the effects of teacher expectations on student performance, revealing reasonably consistent patterns of differential behavior by teachers toward high and low expectation students. Few theories which integrate isolated research findings into a causal sequence have emerged, however. One such model…

The Study attempted to resolve some problems of past research on fear of success (Horner, 1968) and investigated personality and behavioral attributes associated with fear of success (FOS). Two competitor variables (sex and physical attractiveness) were manipulated as well as two subject variables (level of FOS and physical attractiveness). Sex of…

The possibilities of providing, for a manager, an individualized prescription of what he can do to increase the performance of his work unit on designated criteria in selected organizational settings are demonstrated. The information is couched in terms of a 31-variable system described by the manager and his immediate subordinates. Regression…

The effects of actor identity on achievement attributions for success and failure were investigated. Subjects filled out a locus of control scale either for themselves, a neutral other, a liked other, or a disliked other. Within each actor identity variation, the scale items were either (1) unchanged from the original version or specified as (2)…