This study assessed attributions made to an attractive or unattractive person who took either a proximal or distal seating position following task performance. Greater attributions of success were made to an attractive person, regardless of the proximity, which suggests pervasive influence of physical attractiveness on attributions in behavioral…

This report presents the rationale, methods, and results of research that was planned to develop a way of identifying relatively effective children. The report contains the conceptual bases and development of the Hypothetical Situation Questionnaire (HSQ) as the means for distinguishing effective children. The HSQ contains three subscales that…

Following the reasoning of "expectation states theory", the present study was designed to answer three questions: (1) Is the task orientation of males and females different when they work on a task together? (2) Is the task orientation of males and females working on a task, separately, different? and, (3) If there are differences, will status…

This study examined the influence of an individual's attributions upon the type of tasks that individuals would select. Questions guiding this study concerned the predictability (congruence) of tasks from attributions, the consistency of this task-attribution congruency, and the generalizability of the results. Subjects were 801 students drawn…

Attributions of causes of successful task performances as a function of task and sex of the performer were investigated. Introductory psychology students (N=157) were presented with closed-circuit, videotaped episodes in which a male or female stimulus person performed a card-guessing task for 10 trials. Subjects heard the task described to the…

Performance expectancy and satisfaction were investigated in terms of the rate of change in performance outcomes. In a two-by-two factorial design, the direction (improving or deteriorating) and rate (accelerating or decelerating) of change in performance were manipulated using false feedback in a computerized math game. In accord with performance…

The problem-solving performance of young boys and girls was examined in three conditions in which good performance was indicated as being appropriate for boys, for girls, or for both boys and girls. The relations between task scores and five sex-role measures were also examined. As predicted, the boys performed significantly poorer when the task…

A survey of MSW school social workers finds a shift from the case-work focus found in a similar study done in 1968. However, the author sees today's practice in the schools as inadequate to respond to the problems facing them now. (Author)

The possibilities of providing, for a manager, an individualized prescription of what he can do to increase the performance of his work unit on designated criteria in selected organizational settings are demonstrated. The information is couched in terms of a 31-variable system described by the manager and his immediate subordinates. Regression…

This report summarizes four components of a research program. In the major investigation (Study 1), a method was developed for making bimodal presentations of discrepant auditory and visual stimuli under conditions which approximately early academic tasks. The goals were to determine (1) which stimulus modality exerts the greater influence on a…