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Geuna, Aldo; Muscio, Alessandro – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2009
Universities have long been involved in knowledge transfer activities. Yet the last 30 years have seen major changes in the governance of university-industry interactions. Knowledge transfer has become a strategic issue: as a source of funding for university research and (rightly or wrongly) as a policy tool for economic development. Universities…
Descriptors: Economic Development, Higher Education, Industry, Copyrights
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Pouris, Anastassios – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2007
The accurate measurement of the time spent by academics on research and development activities is of great importance to universities and government. This essay outlines the ways in which different countries estimate these factors, and suggests ways of producing more reliable estimates.
Descriptors: Research and Development, Measurement Techniques, Costs, Research Administration