Reviews "cognitive revolution" in psychology from historical, philosophical, and theoretical perspectives. Argues that various cognitive approaches to psychotherapy reflect two fundamental traditions in philosophy and psychological theory - rationalism and constructivism. Outlines key differences between rationalist and constructivist…

Outlines major approaches to brief counseling practice, including psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and strategic; summarizes recent research on brief therapeutic outcomes and processes; and identifies overlapping themes in science and practice literatures. Offers integrative model of brief intervention, capable of being flexibly modified for…

This commentary on C. Addison Stone's paper on the scaffolding metaphor for the learning disabilities field urges that all available literature, rather than a particular metaphor, should be used to evaluate the efficacy of instructional procedures in interpreting findings of instructional research. (Author/DB)