Leadership issues in shadow education are under-researched in national, regional and international contexts. In China, local and central governments have imposed stringent control on academic K9 paid tutorial lessons, provided by cram schools under the new double reduction policy (DRP). Many large-scale cram schools have undergone drastic changes…

The study examines whether university students' psychological resilience levels are predicted by gender roles, intercultural sensitivity, risk factors, and sex. It also investigates whether there is any significant difference between the psychological resilience levels of university students studying in different faculties (Education, Engineering,…

The aim of this study is to investigate the academic success, self-efficacy and psychological resilience of sixth-grade students who started primary school in different age groups and who were followed up longitudinally. The study group of this research consisted of a total of 485 students, 73 of whom were longitudinally trained in the sixth…

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable assessment scale in order to determine protective factors that teachers have. The study was conducted with 348 primary school teachers teaching at primary schools in Aydin city Efeler district at 2017-2018 school year, fall semester. In the study, exploratory factor analysis and…