The topic of silence and "the Chinese learner" has been extensively studied often in relation to cross-cultural adjustment, intercultural issues, learning styles, language ability and differences of classroom expectations. These studies have often led to recommendations to understand silence and "the Chinese learner" in more…

Attempts to integrate the formulations of Brehm and Brehm and of Guidano and sets forth a cognitive theory of resistance and reactance within a cognitive developmental and individual differences context. Differentiates resistance from reactance and explores developmental antecedents of characterological reactance. Describes implications for…

Delineates five selected hypnotically based techniques of client resistance management pioneered by Milton H. Erickson: acceptance; paradoxical encouragement; reframing; displacement; dissociation. Explains how techniques can be applied to nonhypnotic mental health counseling. Discusses relevant clinical, theoretical, and empirical issues related…

Describes strategies for dealing effectively with resistance in group therapy. Discusses resistant group members; reasons for resistance; group stages; and strategies for dealing with silence, laughter, excessive talking, monopolizing, and intellectualizing and generalizing. Includes discussion of experimental strategies to overcome group…

Discusses four treatment models with reference to working with resistance in art therapy: drive psychology, object relations theory, self-psychology, and ego psychology. Notes that each model imagines resistance in its own way. Considers working with these four models of treatment (art diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and…

Provides an overview of prison inmate resistance to mental health counseling and describes ways that indirect, metaphorical communication can be used to establish rapport with this client population. Establishing rapport is difficult because of the suspicion that inmate clients have toward mental health professionals and the correctional system…

Presents some key concerns that are frequently raised by parents in parent education groups. Discusses several themes that are relevant in laying a common ground that crosses most of these parent issues. Includes examples of parent concerns and suggestions for the group leader. (Author/PVV)

Presents a framework for critical reflection on adult education literature in four sets of questions: methodological, experiential, communicative, and political. Addresses reasons for student resistance to critical analysis. (SK)

Presents a frame of reference for viewing problematic behaviors of members in groups involving intellectually capable individuals. Presents an intervention process that suggests questions for leader self-monitoring, guidelines for deciding about when to intervene, and fundamental intervention objectives and principles. (Author/PVV)

Describes effect of client resistance and reactance in counseling and methods for assessing these phenomena. Conceptualizes client symptoms as ego-syntonic, where symptom is consonant with client's self-image, or ego-dystonic, where it is not. Uses concepts in deriving counseling strategies for working with difficult clients according to model…

Introduces special journal issue devoted to dynamics of counseling when working with difficult clients. Presents overview of what is meant by difficult client and perspective on responsibility that counselors and clients have for use of this term in counseling practice. Examines concept of client difficulty from perspective of counselor and…

Critically reviews characteristics thought to be associated with "difficult clients" in light of research findings emerging from psychiatric and psychological literature pertaining to Borderline Personality Disorder. Reviews recent developments for brief treatment strategies and describes development of short-term interpersonal therapy…

Notes that consultation with parents has become an increasingly important part of elementary and middle school counselor's comprehensive guidance program. Says that counselors should expect to occasionally encounter resistance to their efforts. Explores characteristics of resistance, possible causes of resistance, and methods for overcoming…

Reviews dynamics of court referral and client behaviors associated with forced mental health counseling. Discusses similarities and differences between voluntary and mandated counseling. Includes suggestions for managing logistics of the mandate and client reluctance. Presents traits of mental health counselors who hope to work successfully with…

Reviews various social psychological constructs to offer theoretical framework within which to view resistance and related phenomena in school consultation. Focuses on resistance, cognitive dissonance, reactance, attribution, influence-power, and modeling. Summarizes contributions and applications of other authors; provides additional applications…