Background: The ever-increasing computational demands call for optimal resource utilisation and system performance in the cloud environment. Organisations are increasingly migrating workloads to cloud platforms, mandating the need for efficient resource distribution. Load balancing, a critical cloud component, ensures equitable distribution of…

Background: Virtual manipulatives (VMs) are increasingly adopted in inquiry activities. However, the effects of the ratio of mobile device-based VMs to students and external scripts (a guiding structure for prompting group process) provision on group interaction has not been detailed. Objectives: This study proposed four different technology…