One school district's experience with PPBS demonstrates that it can be an effective instrument for realistic involvement of the instructional staff in the development of system goals, objectives, and spending priorities. (Author)

Summary of report on study entitled PLANNING FOR EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN A PLANNING, PROGRAMMING AND BUDGETING STSTEM," by Selma Mushkin (Education Commission of the States Steering Committee meeting, December, 1968).

To increase the efficiency of human and financial resource allocations, the El Dorado County, California, Office of Education initiated a planning, programing, budgeting system (PPBS). This document is a progress report on the effectiveness of the system after one year of operation. It contains (1) a statement on goals, (2) charts of the program…

The zero-based budgeting approach is designed to achieve the greatest benefit with the fewest undesirable consequences. Seven basic steps make up the zero-based decision-making process: (1) identifying program goals, (2) classifying goals, (3) identifying resources, (4) reviewing consequences, (5) developing decision packages, (6) implementing a…

Although Planning-Programing-Budgeting Systems (PPBS) may be inappropriate to the higher educational setting, it is clear that some of the underlying principles of program budgeting have had an important influence on college and university management. The development, application and influence of PPBS are examined. (JMD)

This paper presents a model that uses projected pupil enrollment to estimate gross space needs and associated costs for various classifications of educational activities. The simulation consists of two linked programs, one using a version of the modified "cohort-survival" technique and the other estimating space and money necessary to…

This document consists of the papers presented at a meeting of experts who examined and evaluated systems analysis and management technique applications to practical educational planning. The papers focus primarily on the integration of shortrun and longrun aspects of educational planning and the relationship between objectives and implementation.…

This paper describes an effort to implement a cost-effectiveness program using systems analysis in an elementary school district, the Rio Linda Union School District in California. The systems design cycle employed has three phases, policy-making evaluation, and action-implementation. During the first phase, the general philosophy or mission of…

This document discusses the role of educational objectives in the construction of a program budget. Special emphasis is given to the necessity of specifying primary objectives--those that support basic values and fulfill community needs. Because primary objectives are at the top of the educational objectives hierarchy and provide the format for…

This manual represents a part of the work performed in the past two years in connection with Trenton's Project -- Building a Comprehensive Planning Capability with EPPBS -- funded through ESEA Title III. The "capability" refers to a set of concepts and procedures that will allow the Trenton Public Schools to raise the level of debate in…

Program budgeting is more than a neat method of budgeting by program; hence it requires more than just concentration on budgeting and accounting procedures. Program budgeting, basically a resource allocations system, stresses the setting of objectives, grouping activities into programs to meet the objectives, identifying the resources required by…

This primer introduces the basics of Program Management and Budgeting (PMB) in an effort to demonstrate how PMB can benefit school systems. Short quotes from previous publications on the topic are paired with cartoons designed to clarify the purposes and workings of the program. The publication begins by defining PMB as an alternative financial…

A program structure relates objectives and activities by identifying and measuring objectives (including all activities) and by allowing for growth. The process of program structuring categorizes the activities of education into programs according to their contribution to meeting education objectives and provides a format for the program budget.…

A fully developed planning, programing, and budgeting system comprises more than the program budget and its financial information; it is a system of analysis intended to assist the decisionmaker in choosing among alternative courses of action for the school district programs. Its most salient feature is its usefulness as a general analytical tool…