Purpose: Resources as well as the capacity to employ them judiciously may well be the key to the attainment of the SDGs and other related health goals through primary health care (PHC). Within this PHC framework, however, the source of resources for PHC as well as the systems for managing these associated resources remain unclear, complex and lack…

The ex-post assessment of institutional performance has been applied to allocate scientific and technological (S&T) resource to universities and public research institutes. However, over-emphasis on particular types of performance could lead to unintended results and harm the science system. This research assesses the performance of these…

Presented are perspectives on the emergence of environmental problems. Six major trends in scientific thinking are identified including: holistic approaches to examining environments, life support systems, resource management, risk assessment, streamlined methods for monitoring environmental change, and emphasis on the global framework. (Author/SA)

This report presents the findings and recommendations of panels created by the Committee on Mineral Resources and the Environment (COMRATE) to study four topic areas of mineral resources and the environment. The topic areas studied by the panels were: technology, supply, the environment, and demand. Section I, the report of the technology panel,…

Possible future roles and designs of cars are examined in light of depletion of the earth's oil reserves. A major problem with regard to the rapidly changing world oil outlook is that cars will be competing with more essential claiments for scarce oil supplies including food production, industrial power, home heating, and running trucks and…

The report discusses findings and policy options of a study of technologies for handicapped individuals. An introductory section reviews definitions and demographic aspects of disabilities. Disability-related research and development is addressed in terms of the federal role and private sector involvement. Evaluation of technologies is said to be…

This report assesses the adequacy of United States resources in support of mathematics. Section I (the introduction) considers the support of research, the scope of mathematics, and relationships of mathematics to computer science and education. Section II discusses strengths and opportunities in the mathematical sciences by considering…

The work on which this article is based has been designed to identify only the most significant facets of future research and development and planning in terms of their potential impact on the economic aspect of society. (Author)

Technological transfer often exacts a definite price, with the developing countries in an obvious situation of dependency. But today it is possible to appraise the economic and social cost of transference. (BL)

Improving school effectiveness is not a realistic policy goal for the '80s; the goal of maintaining effectiveness at reduced cost levels (i.e., improving efficiency) should be substituted. New technology is creating the potential for reducing costs in education and its adoption may help to overcome traditional political resistance to cost-based…

How an enlightened society should use the legal process to influence the development and application of science-based technology. (Editor)

Presents summaries of 1996 budget reports from public libraries, divided by nine geographic regions of the United States. Data indicates that gains in total budgets are 6%; materials 7.1%; salaries 5.6%; and that fundraising has become a crucial activity to support libraries, especially in funding increasing technology costs. (JKP)

Examines technological and innovation processes and the economic benefits in a region with open borderlines (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) as part of a national innovation and economic system. Provides scientometric data on the contribution of public institutions to technological development and a synopsis of present structures and an information…

This article focuses on the mastery over the microscopic information processes embodied in devices such as integrated circuits and microcomputers and its effects on society and competition between the computer and telecommunications industries. (Author/SA)

The Czech government considers innovation policy a key component of the effort to improve the business environment. This paper underscores the importance for the Czech Republic of expanding R&D activities that have a potential for commercial innovation. It also points to the relevance of good general business conditions in encouraging research…