The primary objective of this study was to analyze the financial implications of achieving the target of universalization of elementary education in India by 1990. The study first examines the general allocation pattern of resources for Indian education. An analysis of the intra-sectoral allocation among different levels of the educational sector…

The development of interpersonal communication programs in Australia is occurring in difficult times for academic institutions, creating numerous problems. Some are concerned with teaching: stereotypical views of communication and communication educators, development of a theoretical framework for research, initial reaction by students against…

Two articles explore the process of budgeting for library technical services and the impact of automation on this process in terms of equipment expenditures. The second article describes the retrenchment and fund raising activities of a public library in financial difficulty and their effects on future plans for the library. (CLB)

This study sought to call attention to the rather massive increases in the enrollment of new degree-seeking students that have occurred at the University of South Florida (USF) in recent years. Over a four-year period (1997-98 to 2001-02), USF, a large multi-campus metropolitan university in Tampa, Florida, saw the number of annual new…

College and university trustees and administrators are employing various strategies to deal with financial challenges. These fall generally into five categories: (1) attracting additional revenues to help close the gap between resources and expenses; (2) reassessing tuition and financial aid policies to alter the size or mix of the student body;…

With state budgets in trouble across the United States, many school districts have already been hit with midyear cuts. Morale is the first and biggest issue administrators and school boards have to tackle. Successful leaders must be able to forecast what lies ahead and plan for the future. Good communication with staff and the public is crucial to…

Currently, 5-to 10% of beginning students do not speak English. It is time to end the bilingual education versus English-only debate and explore how improved instructional strategies can improve either approach. Promising strategies include instructional time extension, cooperative learning, peer tutoring, and California's newcomer programs. The…

School districts dependent on outside resources must develop skills for securing educational resources, including competencies in collaborative, creative, and principled resource management. Constructive negotiations between local and provincial levels of government can improve relationships and support the development of collaborative…

During a 1998 National Rural Education Association symposium, participants indicated that urban-style standards improve rural schools with adequate resources, cause confusion and concern, and conflict with local decision making. To match education standards with rural communities' values, many questions must be resolved in public political forums.…

This report reviews economic factors affecting the universities of Ontario, Canada. In 34 tables and 25 figures it provides comparative data with other Canadian and American institutions over the past 15 years. An executive summary reveals that operating grants from the Ontario government have been declining, and that many universities have been…

Financial problems confronting schools and colleges of education in major, comprehensive universities were assessed. Interviews were conducted to determine current resources and collegiate missions. Each institution indicated which of four categories described its circumstances: downsizing, eroding, treading, or enhancing. The role of leadership…

The purpose of this monograph is to explore the concept of educational adequacy, defined by Cubberley as "a generous system of free public schools," and to apply those measures in an analysis of educational adequacy in the state of Illinois. The difficulty in defining what constitutes a generous education is that there is no clear…

The British tradition of institutional self-steering in higher education is considered along with possible applications to the West German higher education system. The objective is to identify an ideal self-steering system and an effective organizational decision-making structure for West Germany. Financial retrenchment in German higher education…

Problems that threaten the future careers of faculty and the quality of education at colleges and universities are reviewed, based on a literature review. It is suggested that new federalism, decreased revenue, declining enrollments, increased state and federal regulations, and public demand for accountability have threatened the ability of higher…

A review is provided of the major fiscal, historic, and management issues influencing the debate about community college finance and governance in California. The report begins with a brief discussion of the major points of difference between the funding mechanisms for the community colleges and for the state's two public university systems. These…