Many students in schools in the United States today are considered at-risk in their reading ability. The disproportionate number of students making inadequate progress places the fate of students at stake. Response to Intervention (RTI) was created to support student growth in reading while reducing the number of students requiring testing for…

Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) functioning within schools has historically been considered in the context of educational impact. Currently, traditional models in education do not readily take into account changing ecological considerations for students, as they experience heightened population-wide academic and SEB concerns, increasing…

This qualitative single case study explored how general education middle school teachers implement the three tiers of the Multi-Tiered Response to Intervention (MTSS/RTI) model while delivering differentiated core curriculum instruction. The conceptual framework included the differentiated strategies of Fleming and Mills' (1992) Visual, Aural,…

The road to successful reading can be a tumultuous journey for many students entering middle school. The ability to read text out loud in both an accurate and quick manner is what determines a fluent reader. Additionally, the prosody, or melody, expression and flow while reading leads to good reading comprehension. There are an alarming number of…

According to Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (ESSA), schools must adopt an academic and behavior intervention program in order to meet the different academic and behavioral needs of K-12 students. Educational leaders may choose to integrate Computer Based Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) into the intervention program to assist with progress…

The purpose of this interview study was to explore teachers' perceptions of Response to Intervention (RtI) implementation in their school. Particularly, the study explored teachers' knowledge of RtI, teachers' perceptions of RtI tiers intervention/instruction in their school, and teachers' suggestions of RtI implementation in their school. The…

In response to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act Amendments of 2004 (IDEIA 2004), states have implemented Response to Intervention (RtI) programs, which increase the demands that are placed on the knowledge base and skills of general education teachers. RtI is a multi-tiered model that requires teachers to apply…

Multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) is a systemic framework that includes response to intervention (RTI) and positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) practices, yet the combination of academic and behavioral supports is still foreign to many districts. Universal screening and progress monitoring is one component of many MTSS…

The location of this study is Bulldog Elementary School (BES) (pseudonym) in Suburban School District (SSD) (pseudonym). According to the Read to Succeed Act (2016), students must read on grade level by the end of third grade. Therefore, the students reading achievement level is the problem of practice. This action research study describes the…

Research demonstrates that parental involvement positively impacts student achievement and enhances targeted instruction. Notably, however, little research currently exists on how schools involve parents in Response to Intervention (RTI), a framework for implementing targeted, tiered, research-based instruction. The purpose of this study was to…

This quantitative study investigated current data-based instructional decision-making (DBIDM) practices of K-3 general education teachers implementing a MTSS/RTI model to address students' academic needs. A thirty-item electronic survey was designed to examine and measure aspects of K-3 general education teachers' formative data use and…

"For valid disability determination to occur, a diagnostic team needs to be able to determine that a student has received appropriate instruction in the general education classroom" (Johnson, Mellard, Fuchs, & McKnight, 2006, p. 4.2). The purpose of the study was to determine whether a middle school Response to Intervention (RTI)…

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in initial eligibilities of elementary students across Tennessee since the implementation response to intervention (RtI), as well as understand the perceptions of elementary school psychologists related to those changes in identification and eligibility. RtI is a Tennessee mandated initiative,…

The "Response to Intervention Guidance for New York State School Districts" (2010) document indicates Response to Intervention (RTI) is a mandated general education process intended to provide early interventions to struggling at-risk students. The multi-level RTI framework is structured to include targeted evidence-based interventions…

Response to Intervention (RTI) is defined by the National Association of State Directors of Special Education (NASDSE) as the practice of providing high-quality instruction and intervention matched to student needs and using learning rate over time and level of performance to make important educational decisions (2007). Both IDEA 2004 and the…