The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the RTI process and its impact on student achievement. Data analysis will be used to identify areas of strength and weakness in the current system and provide insights into how to create a more effective RTI program. The findings from this study will be used to inform future…

Understanding and addressing the literacy needs of middle school students is critical in ensuring their academic success. This quantitative study examines the literacy growth among middle school students participating in Tier II Response to Intervention and Instruction (RTI[superscript 2]) programs over the 2023-2024 academic year. It investigates…

Concerns about low mathematics achievement have created a push to increase national mathematics proficiency levels through research and policy. Efforts have largely focused on early mathematics interventions for students with or at risk for mathematics learning difficulties implemented within multi-tiered response to intervention (RTI) frameworks.…

Understanding how to intensify an intervention is critical to implementing response-to-intervention (RtI), a tiered, problem-solving framework to deliver evidence-based interventions per student needs. Research and practice guidelines provide conflicting recommendations for delivering math interventions (i.e., treatment intensity) within RtI. The…

Background: Children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) are at high risk of problems with early speech sound production, and these difficulties can persist into later childhood. Early intervention could help to reduce the number of children whose problems become persistent. However, much research in the field to date has focused on…

The effectiveness of Tier 2 interventions may depend on the variability of student skills within an intervention group. We investigated the effect of initial variability within intervention groups using data from a large-scale study of ROOTS, a Tier 2 kindergarten mathematics intervention. Our research questions were as follows: Does mathematics…

The effectiveness of Tier 2 interventions may depend on the variability of student skills within an intervention group. We investigated the effect of pretest variability within intervention groups using data from a large-scale study of ROOTS, a Tier 2 kindergarten mathematics intervention. Our research questions were as follows: Does mathematics…

Ongoing evaluation of student progress is a key practice within tiered systems of supports. This study evaluated whether selecting an intervention influenced the number of observations participants requested before determining whether an intervention was working or a change was needed. It was hypothesized that participants who selected the…

Background: People with severe to profound intellectual disabilities experience similar or higher levels of depression than those with more mild intellectual disabilities. Yet, there is an absence of evidence about how to adapt existing psychological therapies for this population. Method: A behavioural activation intervention (BeatIt) for people…

This quantitative study examined the impact of the use of Response to Intervention (RTI) on student performance at a small rural high school. The strength of RTI is the identification of student need and the weakness is the lack of consistent application of interventions. The problem this study addressed was low student performance as defined by…

Students may fall behind in their academic grade-level standards. Some students may be able to adjust to follow along with grade-level content; however, what happens when a student falls two or more grade levels behind? Those students are tested and based upon the results of the assessments, they may be assigned to Response to Intervention to…

Although early behavioral intervention is considered as empirically-supported for children with autism, estimating treatment prognosis is a challenge for practitioners. One potential solution is to use machine learning to guide the prediction of the response to intervention. Thus, our study compared five machine algorithms in estimating treatment…

This study explores teachers' perceptions of barriers to implementing the Response to Intervention (RTI) model for students with learning difficulties in Saudi Arabia. Using a qualitative case study approach with semi-structured interviews, the study included eight female teachers. Findings indicate that key barriers include time constraints,…

Biology is a key course in a student's learning path. It provides important information about the living world and creates foundational knowledge that will be used in other science courses as the student progresses through his or her secondary and post-secondary education. However, there is a pattern of low student achievement in this required…

Reading abilities in Swedish students have declined in recent decades. The current study examined the effectiveness of a full-scale three-tier Response to Intervention (RtI) model designed to improve reading skills in Swedish students. Participants were grade 2 students in a primary school setting. A quasi-experimental between-group design was…