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Palmer, David C. – Behavior Analyst, 2012
The following article by Barba (2012a) addresses Neuringer's proposal that variability is an operant dimension of behavior, that is, that variability can be reinforced, extinguished, and brought under stimulus control, just like any other response property. Barba confines his argument to methodological considerations: He points out that the…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Behavior
Marr, M. Jackson – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Barba's (2012) paper is a serious and thoughtful analysis of a vexing problem in behavior analysis: Just what should count as an operant class and how do people know? The slippery issue of a "generalized operant" or functional response class illustrates one aspect of this problem, and "variation" or "novelty" as an operant appears to fall into…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Operant Conditioning, Behavioral Science Research, Behavior
Singh, Teghpal; McDannald, Michael A.; Takahashi, Yuji K.; Haney, Richard Z.; Cooch, Nisha K.; Lucantonio, Federica; Schoenbaum, Geoffrey – Learning & Memory, 2011
While knowing what to expect is important, it is equally important to know when to expect it and to respond accordingly. This is apparent even in simple Pavlovian training situations in which animals learn to respond more strongly closer to reward delivery. Here we report that the nucleus accumbens core, an area well-positioned to represent…
Descriptors: Rewards, Classical Conditioning, Behavior Modification, Operant Conditioning
Fryling, Mitch J.; Johnston, Cristin; Hayes, Linda J. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Observational learning is an important area in the field of psychology and behavior science more generally. Given this, it is essential that behavior analysts articulate a sound theory of how behavior change occurs through observation. This paper begins with an overview of seminal research in the area of observational learning, followed by a…
Descriptors: Observational Learning, Behavioral Sciences, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification
Michael, Jack; Palmer, David C.; Sundberg, Mark L. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Amid the novel terms and original analyses in Skinner's "Verbal Behavior", the importance of his discussion of multiple control is easily missed, but multiple control of verbal responses is the rule rather than the exception. In this paper we summarize and illustrate Skinner's analysis of multiple control and introduce the terms "convergent…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Children, Autism, Speech
Roane, Henry S. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
Examination of responding under various schedule arrangements is a core component of many analyses of operant behavior. Much of the pioneering work in applied behavior analysis was bred from laboratory research involving the exposure of nonhuman subjects to a variety of schedule arrangements. Hodos (1961) described a schedule arrangement in which…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Responses, Scheduling
Lee, Ronald; Sturmey, Peter; Fields, Lanny – Psychological Record, 2007
Response variability, a fundamental characteristic of behavior, may be in some cases an induced effect of reinforcement schedules. Research on schedule-induced response variability has shown that continuous reinforcement results in less variability than intermittent reinforcement schedules. Studies on the effects of intermittency of reinforcement,…
Descriptors: Investigations, Reinforcement, Research, Responses
Okouchi, Hiroto – Psychological Record, 2006
The present article discusses how events outside a subject's skin and not accessible to another subject but to an experimenter may contribute to experimental analyses of private events. Of 16 undergraduates, 8, referred to as instructors, first learned conditional discriminations (i.e., B1C1, B2C2, B3C3, and B4C4) in a standard matching-to-sample…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Operant Conditioning, Undergraduate Students, Responses
Palmer, David C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2005
In this article, the author shares an anecdote demonstrating one-trial learning which is commonplace in human behavior. The demonstration suggests that under some conditions, when people hear someone speak, their behavior changes, even in the absence of an apparent contingency of reinforcement, but only if they have in their repertoire verbal…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Reinforcement, Listening, Learning
Everly, Jr., George Stotelmyer; Girdano, Dorothy Dusek – Health Education (Washington D.C.), 1980
Behavior modification in a weight control program is examined in two models of operant and classical conditioning. Successful utilization of behavioral techniques is dependent on adherence to principles of learning, the skill and insight of the clinician, and the sensitivity to the individual needs of each client. (JN)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Body Weight, Classical Conditioning, Dietetics
Lin, Fan-Yu; Kubina, Richard M., Jr. – Behavior Analyst Today, 2004
This article reviews the basics of learning channels and how specification of stimuli can help enhance verbal behavior. This article will define learning channels and the role of the ability matrix in training verbal behavior.
Descriptors: Stimuli, Verbal Communication, Matrices, Learning Processes