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Showing 1 to 15 of 81 results Save | Export
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Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis; Moscarello, Justin M.; Sears, Robert M.; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Galatzer-Levy, Isaac – Learning & Memory, 2018
Signaled active avoidance (SigAA) is the key experimental procedure for studying the acquisition of instrumental responses toward conditioned threat cues. Traditional analytic approaches (e.g., general linear model) often obfuscate important individual differences, although individual differences in learned responses characterize both animal and…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Cues, Responses, Individual Differences
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Derman, Rifka C.; Schneider, Kevin; Juarez, Shaina; Delamater, Andrew R. – Learning & Memory, 2018
When discrete localizable stimuli are used during appetitive Pavlovian conditioning, "sign-tracking" and "goal-tracking" responses emerge. Sign-tracking is observed when conditioned responding is directed toward the CS, whereas goal-tracking manifests as responding directed to the site of expected reward delivery. These…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Responses, Stimuli, Rewards
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Brown, Kevin L.; Freeman, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Eyeblink conditioning is a well-established model for studying the developmental neurobiology of associative learning and memory. However, age differences in extinction and subsequent reacquisition have yet to be studied using this model. The present study examined extinction and reacquisition of eyeblink conditioning in developing rats. In…
Descriptors: Animals, Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Associative Learning
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Fuchs, Jason R.; Robinson, Gain M.; Dean, Aaron M.; Schoenberg, Heidi E.; Williams, Michael R.; Morielli, Anthony D.; Green, John T. – Learning & Memory, 2014
We have previously shown that intracerebellar infusion of the neuropeptide secretin enhances the acquisition phase of eyeblink conditioning (EBC). Here, we sought to test whether endogenous secretin also regulates EBC and to test whether the effect of exogenous and endogenous secretin is specific to acquisition. In Experiment 1, rats received…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
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Marter, Kathrin; Grauel, M. Katharina; Lewa, Carmen; Morgenstern, Laura; Buckemüller, Christina; Heufelder, Karin; Ganz, Marion; Eisenhardt, Dorothea – Learning & Memory, 2014
This study examines the role of stimulus duration in learning and memory formation of honeybees ("Apis mellifera"). In classical appetitive conditioning honeybees learn the association between an initially neutral, conditioned stimulus (CS) and the occurrence of a meaningful stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US). Thereby the CS…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Memory, Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning
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Marr, M. Jackson – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Barba's (2012) paper is a serious and thoughtful analysis of a vexing problem in behavior analysis: Just what should count as an operant class and how do people know? The slippery issue of a "generalized operant" or functional response class illustrates one aspect of this problem, and "variation" or "novelty" as an operant appears to fall into…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Operant Conditioning, Behavioral Science Research, Behavior
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Holth, Per – Behavior Analyst, 2012
A series of experiments on operant variability by Neuringer and colleagues (e.g., Neuringer, 1986, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985) have been repeatedly cited as showing that behavioral variability can be reinforced by making reinforcement contingent on it. They showed that the degree of variability in pigeons' eight-peck sequences, as measured by U…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Reinforcement, Topography
Sokolowski, Michel B. C.; Disma, Gerald; Abramson, Charles I. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly ("Protophormia terrae novae") is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole…
Descriptors: Operant Conditioning, Responses, Behavioral Science Research, Animals
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Reis, Daniel G.; Scopinho, America A.; Guimaraes, Francisco S.; Correa, Fernando M. A.; Resstel, Leonardo B. M. – Learning & Memory, 2010
Considering the evidence that the lateral septal area (LSA) modulates defensive responses, the aim of the present study is to verify if this structure is also involved in contextual fear conditioning responses. Neurotransmission in the LSA was reversibly inhibited by bilateral microinjections of cobalt chloride (CoCl[subscript 2], 1 mM) 10 min…
Descriptors: Animals, Conditioning, Fear, Memory
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Hart, Genevra; Harris, Justin A.; Westbrook, R. Frederick – Learning & Memory, 2010
A series of experiments used rats to study the effect of a systemic or intra-amygdala infusion of the benzodiazepine, midazolam, on learning and re-learning to inhibit context conditioned fear (freezing) responses. Rats were subjected to two context-conditioning episodes followed by extinction under drug or vehicle, or to two cycles of context…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Inhibition, Fear, Responses
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Choi, June-Seek; Cain, Christopher K.; LeDoux, Joseph E. – Learning & Memory, 2010
Using a two-way signaled active avoidance (2-AA) learning procedure, where rats were trained in a shuttle box to avoid a footshock signaled by an auditory stimulus, we tested the contributions of the lateral (LA), basal (B), and central (CE) nuclei of the amygdala to the expression of instrumental active avoidance conditioned responses (CRs).…
Descriptors: Responses, Conditioning, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
Shahan, Timothy A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Stimuli associated with primary reinforcers appear themselves to acquire the capacity to strengthen behavior. This paper reviews research on the strengthening effects of conditioned reinforcers within the context of contemporary quantitative choice theories and behavioral momentum theory. Based partially on the finding that variations in…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Responses, Conditioning
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Michael, Jack; Palmer, David C.; Sundberg, Mark L. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2011
Amid the novel terms and original analyses in Skinner's "Verbal Behavior", the importance of his discussion of multiple control is easily missed, but multiple control of verbal responses is the rule rather than the exception. In this paper we summarize and illustrate Skinner's analysis of multiple control and introduce the terms "convergent…
Descriptors: Verbal Operant Conditioning, Children, Autism, Speech
Roane, Henry S. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2008
Examination of responding under various schedule arrangements is a core component of many analyses of operant behavior. Much of the pioneering work in applied behavior analysis was bred from laboratory research involving the exposure of nonhuman subjects to a variety of schedule arrangements. Hodos (1961) described a schedule arrangement in which…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Responses, Scheduling
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Nevin, John A. – Behavior Analyst, 2009
This article reviews evidence from basic and translational research with pigeons and humans suggesting that the persistence of operant behavior depends on the contingency between stimuli and reinforcers, and considers some implications for clinical interventions. (Contains 4 figures.)
Descriptors: Stimuli, Persistence, Reinforcement, Behavior Problems
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