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Shin, Hyelim; Cotter, Katherine N.; Christensen, Alexander P.; Silvia, Paul J. – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2020
How do people come up with humorous ideas? In creative cognition research, exposure to good examples sometimes causes fixation (people get "stuck" on the examples) but other times sparks inspiration (people's responses are more creative). The present research examined the effects of funny and unfunny examples on joke production. A sample…
Descriptors: Humor, Creativity, Schemata (Cognition), Responses
Ercikan, Kadriye; Guo, Hongwen; He, Qiwei – Educational Assessment, 2020
Comparing group is one of the key uses of large-scale assessment results, which are used to gain insights to inform policy and practice and to examine the comparability of scores and score meaning. Such comparisons typically focus on examinees' final answers and responses to test questions, ignoring response process differences groups may engage…
Descriptors: Data Use, Responses, Comparative Analysis, Test Bias
Vie, Aleksander; Arntzen, Erik – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2017
The primary focus of the present experiment was to study participants' self-talk during conditional discrimination training and test for the emergence of conditional relations consistent with equivalence. Eighteen adult participants were exposed to either a Many-to-One (MTO) or a One-to-Many (OTM) training structure arranged as a 6-s delayed…
Descriptors: Protocol Analysis, Training Methods, Adults, Verbal Operant Conditioning
Bishop, Haley Johnson; Biasini, Fred J.; Stavrinos, Despina – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Driving is a complex task that relies on manual, cognitive, visual and social skill. The social demands of driving may be challenging for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) due to known social impairments. This study investigated how drivers with ASD respond to social (e.g., pedestrians) and non-social (e.g., vehicles) hazards in a…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Motor Vehicles, Interpersonal Competence
Vincent, Irena – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: Research on language planning in adult stuttering is relatively sparse and offers diverging arguments about a potential causative relationship between semantic and phonological encoding and fluency breakdowns. This study further investigated semantic and phonological encoding efficiency in adults who stutter (AWS) by means of silent…
Descriptors: Semantics, Phonology, Cognitive Processes, Adults
Kinoshita, Sachiko; De Wit, Bianca; Norris, Dennis – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In 2 variants of the color-word Stroop task, we compared 5 types of color-neutral distractors--real words (e.g., "HAT"), pseudowords (e.g., "HIX"), consonant strings (e.g., "HDK"), symbol strings (e.g., #$%), and a row of Xs (e.g., "XXX")--as well as incongruent color words (e.g., "GREEN" displayed…
Descriptors: Color, Interference (Learning), Reaction Time, Visual Stimuli
Sierra, María de los Dolores Valadez; Maldonado, Luis Alexis Aguiñaga; González, José Salvador Morales; Verche, Emilio; del Rosal, África Borges; Cervantes, Celia Josefina Rodríguez – Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 2018
Introduction: Certain behaviors associated with high intellectual ability, such as inattention and early response, are often confused with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), making correct diagnosis more difficult. The objective of the present study was to analyze the performance of students with high intellectual ability and…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Attention, Conceptual Tempo, Cognitive Ability
Li, Xiangqian; Li, Bingxin; Liu, Xuhong; Lages, Martin; Stoet, Gijsbert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
In experiments with univalent target stimuli, task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants are unaware of the task rules and apply cue-target-response associations. However, in experiments with bivalent target stimuli, participants show task-switching costs. Participants may exhibit switch costs even when no task rules are provided in…
Descriptors: Chinese, Second Language Learning, Cues, Task Analysis
Jost, Kerstin; Wendt, Mike; Luna-Rodriguez, Aquiles; Löw, Andreas; Jacobsen, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In choice reaction time (RT) tasks, performance is often influenced by the presence of nominally irrelevant stimuli, referred to as distractors. Recent research provided evidence that distractor processing can be adjusted to the utility of the distractors: Distractors predictive of the upcoming target/response were more attended to and also…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Stimuli, College Students, Foreign Countries
Parsons, Thomas D.; Carlew, Anne R. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Executive functioning deficits found in college students with ASD may have debilitating effects on their everyday activities. Although laboratory studies tend to report unimpaired inhibition in autism, studies of resistance to distractor inhibition reveal difficulties. In two studies, we compared a Virtual Classroom task with paper-and-pencil and…
Descriptors: Interference (Learning), Color, Reaction Time, Visual Stimuli
Wang, Enguo; Du, Chenguang; Ma, Yujun – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
This study reports the neurophysiological and behavioral correlates of digital memory retrieval features in Chinese individuals with and without dyscalculia. A total of 18 children with dyscalculia (ages 11.5-13.5) and 18 controls were tested, and their event-related potentials were digitally recorded simultaneously with behavior measurement.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Learning Disabilities, Mathematics Skills, Children
Freedberg, Michael; Wagschal, Tana T.; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
For skill learning processes to be effective, they must encode associations that are inherent to the current task and avoid those that are spurious or particular to training conditions so that learning can transfer to novel situations. Some everyday contexts even require grouped responding to simultaneously presented stimuli. Here we test whether…
Descriptors: Incidental Learning, Stimuli, Responses, Comparative Analysis
Fritzley, V. Heather; Lindsay, Rod C. L.; Lee, Kang – Child Development, 2013
Two experiments investigated response tendencies of preschoolers toward yes-no questions about actions. Two hundred 2- to 5-year-old children were asked questions concerning actions commonly associated with particular objects (e.g., drinking from a cup) and actions not commonly associated with particular objects (e.g., kicking a toothbrush). The…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Experiments, Comparative Analysis
Lever, Anne G.; Ridderinkhof, K. Richard; Marsman, Maarten; Geurts, Hilde M. – Developmental Psychology, 2017
As a large heterogeneity is observed across studies on interference control in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research may benefit from the use of a cognitive framework that models specific processes underlying reactive and proactive control of interference. Reactive control refers to the expression and suppression of responses and proactive…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Responses, Self Control
Herrington, John D.; Riley, Meghan E.; Grupe, Daniel W.; Schultz, Robert T. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
This study examines whether deficits in visual information processing in autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) can be offset by the recruitment of brain structures involved in selective attention. During functional MRI, 12 children with ASD and 19 control participants completed a selective attention one-back task in which images of faces and houses were…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Cognitive Processes, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders