In this article, we contrast evolutionary and psychobiological models of individual development to address the idea that individual development occurring in prototypically risky and unsupportive environments can be understood as adaptation. We question traditional evolutionary explanations of individual development, calling on the principle of…

This article describes the Trumpet strategy for selecting and sequencing affective activities that would lead to the expansion of an individual's response patterns. (PD)

Author believes that more general semanticists today have lost touch with the possibilities Korzybski opened to human beings, primarily that of liberating the self" from predetermined concepts and conditioned responses which hold mankind back from total freedom and fulfillment. Characterizing most semanticists as cerebral computers sans…

Investigates changes in personal satisfaction over the whole life course by means of life graphs and their determinants, administered within a four-year interval to 371 individuals (age 45-70). Events play a different role at different stages of life and seem to be measured against an implicit schedule, traumatic or acceptable. (Author)

Examined whether children who vary in their behavioral responses to ambiguous provocation but have similar attributional processes differ in their social goals and self- efficacy perceptions. Subjects were 781 4th and 5th graders. Found that aggressive, withdrawn, and problem-solving responders differed in the social goals and self-efficacy…

The author provides eight general guidelines which counselors should use when dealing with grieving clients. A synthesis of current theories about grief and a six-stage process of grief are also described. (Author/HLM)

Skills training, personal-emotional development, and cognitive development are areas of importance in counselor training and education. Emotion, defined as the counselor's experiencing a strong feeling accompanied by physiological activity and the interruption, however momentary, of the counselor's ongoing cognition, is a critical factor in…