A model is presented that demonstrates that a random response to external constraint can produce results similar to those predicted by more complex models. Behavior that appears rational, optimal, or adaptive may truly be a random response to external constraint. Predictions based on this model may provide appropriate null hypotheses. (SLD)

Gender differences in resistance to stress are not rooted in recognition of coercive elements, but in differences in responding to coercive elements. Type As are particularly sensitive to threats to personal control. The critical difference may be in the frequency rather than the intensity of the stress. (JAC)

The possibility of behavior having important consequences is the focus of this manual with the objective of predicting criminal behavior through the use of an Environmental Deprivation Scale (EDS). The principal analytical method for analysis of the environment is the systematic observation of behavior and the manipulation of environmental…