This paper discusses a study undertaken to examine the reaction of others to the behavior of depressed persons. The general hypotheses of the study are that (1) normal subjects respond differentially to the behavior of depressed patients; (2) this differential response is due to the fact that the target individuals are depressed, and not that they…

Theories and descriptions of various infant fear behaviors are presented in this paper. Five examples of fear are given: (1) learned fear, in which the infant associates some unpleasant action with an agent, (2) unlearned fear, in which the infant experiences an intense sensory phenomena such as a loud noise, (3) stranger anxiety, (4) fear caused…

Sixty-four undergraduate teacher education majors enrolled at the University of Illinois were subjects in this study to determine the effect of various types of student stimuli on teacher response quality as measured by a five point scale for the measurement of empathic understanding developed by Carkhuff. More specifically, the study investigated…

Six studies relevant to the analysis of generalized imitative behavior are described. The first examined the role of verbal instructions in generalized imitation by comparing the use of a "do this" instruction with no such instruction and the use of positive reinforcement with no reinforcement. The tenacity of generalized imitation in this study…

The concept of behavioral effectiveness and why it is important to understand and measure relative to what teachers do and the way classrooms are designed are discussed. Aspects covered include the following: (1) which classroom behaviors relate to learning and how they are organized; (2) the significance of classroom behavior as the first thing…

A battery of behavioral tests yielding 79 measures, many of which were presumably related to learning and memory, was administered to house mice of seven inbred strains. An analysis of the factorial structure indicated that the two principal and most pervasive factors underlying performance on the battery involved the initiation and maintenance of…

Research into the police function, suggests that the emphasis on crime-related activities has failed to achieve crime reduction goals and may have exacerbated problems of police-citizen alienation and citizen fear of crime. In the future, police must abandon strategies which prevent extensive contact with citizens. (Author)

This study investigated similarities and differences of response by male and female counselors-in-training to clients of their own and opposite sex. The Counseling Response Instrument (CRI) was administered to 127 participants. Although different response patterns were found, results were not in the direction of traditional sex-role stereotyping.…

It is proposed that the sex composition of a group affects the sex-role awareness and sex-related responses of its members, and that such effects can operate even when there is no actual or anticipated verbal interaction among group members. (Author/AM)

The study explored the effect on kindergarten children of four different presentations of an opportunity to help an adult with a simple task. (Editor/MP)

An individualized, free-response self-disclosure measurement questionnaire was developed to study differences in self-disclosure patterns of female subjects as a function of target roles. Findings indicated significantly more reported self-disclosure to females than males and to friends than relatives. This discrepancy suggests informant reports…

It was predicted that the amount of satisfaction following an interpersonal exchange will be higher when the resource given is similar to the one reciprocated and lower when they are dissimilar. Interpersonal exchange situations were experimentally created in which two independent variables were manipulated. (Author)

The author presents the responses of several prisoners who were facing death in the gas chamber, based on his research and experiences working with the California Department of Corrections. (HLM)

The article suggests that retarded behavior is maintained by certain events in the environment and their relationship to an individual's behavior. Maintenance of these behaviors is attributed to positive reinforcement, avoidance behavior, and contingency schedules. Several examples of the maintenance effects of each of these paradigms are given.…