Despite much empirical evidence highlighting the harmful effect of socioeconomic disadvantage on educational outcomes, there is a relative lack of understanding of how different risk factors impact upon attainment. Importantly, it has yet to be established what effect, if any, austerity cuts have had on the most disadvantaged students. Using rich…

The impact on nine British universities' of substantial financial reductions in 1980-81 and the policy implications for national funding agencies are examined. Implementation of institutional retrenchment plans and the role of high-level administrators are discussed. (MSE)

Argues for the use of rigorous common sense in the management of schools' increasingly scarce financial, human, and physical resources. Encourages use of an output budgeting system by department heads and teachers before purchase or deployment of resources. (Author/WD)

The situation of "collective aging" of the academic staff in universities and research institutes caused by the skew age distribution and the zero-growth budgets in nearly all European countries is discussed. Possible policies to palliate the negative effects are considered along with support for junior staff with temporary contracts or…

Great Britain is in a severe budget crisis, causing more serious problems for higher education than for other sectors of the economy. Cuts have been applied to individual universities and programs unevenly. Dissention within higher education has resulted, and the unique higher education financing system is at the controversy's center. (MSE)

The West German and British experiences in higher education planning and governance during a period of retrenchment are compared. Changes are interpreted in terms of the underlying characteristics of the two systems and their governance. (Author/MSE)

Events leading to Great Britain's substantial and differential cuts in student numbers and recurrent grants to universities are chronicled and related to the responses of nine universities. The universities' lack of preparation for the cuts and policy implications are discussed. (Author/MSE)

A study of 14 British universities that underwent severe retrenchment in 1981-1984 is reported, and successful policies, procedures, philosophies, and techniques that may be applicable to institutions in many countries are outlined. (MSE)

Examines the purpose and structure of British graduate education. Research and course work, supervised work, and independent study all need to be balanced to meet the needs of the student and requirements of the subject area. The effects of retrenchment on graduate education are discussed. (AM)

As demand for new knowledge grows, universities are under increasing stress with increasing research limitations; unstable financial support, contracting for specific research rather than open-ended funding, and problems of staffing projects. Problems in developing and implementing research policy under these circumstances are discussed. (MSE)

A study of nine British universities' response to retrenchment in 1981-1984 found that while some institutions were successful in reducing staff and student numbers, reducing expenditures, and increasing other income, there were serious negative impacts affecting the institutions' ability to provide effective teaching and research and meet social…

Trends in academic staffing in British higher education, especially in universities and polytechnics, are examined, along with major staffing issues facing employing authorities and academic staff in the short term. Implications for employee relations in a period of institutional change and resources constraint are considered. (MSE)

Educational administrators facing change are offered some observations of business management, including an analysis of characteristic responses to change from rich to poor environments, a catalog of managerial styles likely to be discouraged or rewarded in present economic conditions, and recommended practices for managing contraction, especially…

The theme of innovation is considered under three headings: the need for innovation; obstacles to innovation caused by slow growth (financial stringency and staffing structures); and approaches to solution (earmarking substantial funds for innovation and creating a system of joint appointments for academic staff in polytechnics and universities).…

The head of a science department in a British high school discusses the effects that budget cuts are having on secondary school science teaching and offers some suggestions for minimizing the dangers. (Editor/SJL)