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Direct linkWinterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three experiments with rat subjects examined resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response using the procedure introduced by Epstein (1983) with pigeons. There were three phases: (1) initial acquisition of pressing on a lever (L1) for pellet reward, (2) extinction of L1, and (3) a test session in which a second lever (L2) was inserted,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experimental Psychology, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
Galtress, Tiffany; Kirkpatrick, Kimberly – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Changes in reward magnitude or value have been reported to produce effects on timing behavior, which have been attributed to changes in the speed of an internal pacemaker in some instances and to attentional factors in other cases. The present experiments therefore aimed to clarify the effects of reward magnitude on timing processes. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experiments, Animals, Attention
Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
A theory devised initially on the basis of instrumental reward schedule data, such as the PREE, was extended to deal with various Pavlovian findings. These Pavlovian findings include blocking, unblocking, relative validity, positive and negative patterning, renewal, reinstatement, reacquisition, and inhibition. In addition, the sequential model…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Reinforcement, Behavior Modification
Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G.; Altman, Meaghan – Learning and Motivation, 2009
arrow]US associations also survived The memories of the unconditioned stimulus (US) and its absence (No US), symbolized as S[superscript R] and S[superscript N], respectively, may be retrieved on US or No US trials giving rise to four types of associations, S[superscript R][right arrow]US, S[superscript R][right arrow]No US, S[superscript N][right…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animal Behavior, Rewards, Experimental Psychology
Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana; Miller, Ronald M. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Rats in a Pavlovian situation were trained under three different reward schedules, at either a 30 s or a 90 s intertrial interval (ITI): Consistent reward (C), 50% irregular reward (I), and single alternation of reward and nonrewarded trials (SA). Activity was recorded to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and in all 10 s bins in each ITI except the…
Descriptors: Rewards, Intervals, Cues, Classical Conditioning
Capaldi, E.J.; Haas, A.; Miller, R.M.; Martins, A. – Learning and Motivation, 2005
In both discrimination learning and partial reinforcement, transitions may occur from nonrewarded to rewarded trials (NR transition). In discrimination learning, NR transitions may occur in two different stimulus alternatives (NR different transitions). In partial reward, NR transitions may occur in a single stimulus alternative (NR same…
Descriptors: Rewards, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Classical Conditioning
