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Jensen, Greg; Neuringer, Allen – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
In most studies of choice under concurrent schedules of reinforcement, two physically identical operanda are provided. In the "real world," however, more than two choice alternatives are often available and biases are common. This paper describes a method for studying choices among an indefinite number of alternatives when large biases are…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Animals, Research Methodology, Rewards
Deci, Edward L.; Cascio, Wayne F. – 1972
Recent studies have demonstrated that external rewards can affect intrinsic motivation to perform an activity. Money tends to decrease intrinsic motivation, whereas positive verbal reinforcements tend to increase intrinsic motivation. This paper presents evidence that negative feedback and threats of punishment also decrease intrinsic motivation.…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Learning Motivation, Motivation, Motivation Techniques

Skidgell, Alan C.; And Others – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1976
Twenty first-grade children were given 28 trial tetrads, each of which included three single reward presentations followed by a test between two reward values. Results demonstrated that the experimentally controlled familiarization monotonically depressed the preference value of the high reward within trial tetrads, as well as across trials.…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Elementary Education, Grade 1, Positive Reinforcement
Jacobs, John F. – 1970
The use of operant techniques in the classroom, especially with slow learners, was investigated, and several types of reinforcement were compared. Subjects were 129 fourth graders enrolled in a middle school in a disadvantaged rural Florida community. The subjects were stratified by race, sex, and homeroom and were randomly assigned to one of five…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavioral Science Research, Classroom Techniques, Group Instruction
Givner, Abraham; Graubard, Paul S. – 1974
The book is intended to be used as a handbook by teachers, to enable them to become acquainted with the general principles and latest techniques which have proved effective in changing children's behavior. Topics include reinforcement systems, the token economy, evaluation, and curriculum. (CS)
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Problems, Behavioral Objectives, Behavioral Science Research
Applefield, James M. – 1975
The present study evaluates the immediate effects of an experimentally manipulated social comparison on the subsequent behavior of lower socioeconomic status black children four to five and seven to eight years of age. The effects of four conditions of social comparison are measured with respect to the children's self-reinforcement,…
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Educational Sociology, Elementary Education, Interaction Process Analysis