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Poulton, Alison; Whale, Samina; Robinson, Joanne – Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 2016
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The Mental Effort Reward Imbalances Model (MERIM) explains this observational association as follows: in ADHD a disproportionate level of mental effort is required for sustaining concentration for achievement; in ODD the subjective…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Models, Positive Reinforcement, Neuropsychology

Bellack, Alan S.; And Others – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1976
Self-reinforcement through positive or aversive covert imagery was studied in obesity treatment. Subjects were randomly assigned to no-imagery, self-punishment followed by self-reward, and self-reward followed by self-punishment conditions. Neither order nor kind of reinforcement made any difference. Both reinforcement groups were superior to…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Contingency Management, Imagery, Negative Reinforcement

Baer, Ruth A.; And Others – Education and Treatment of Children, 1992
A study involving two children, ages two to three found that experimenter-selection of rewards was a more effective procedure for modifying behavior than was self-selection, though a study of four first graders indicated no significant differences between self-selection and experimenter-selection of rewards. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Early Childhood Education, Intervention

McCormack, Sammie – 1981
Because they felt that students can be responsible for their own behavior, the staff of Jefferson Elementary School, serving 300 students in grades 1 through 4 in a small rural community, developed a program which promoted self-management. In September 1979, teachers participated in an assertive discipline workshop. A Positive Action Plan evolved,…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavioral Objectives, Discipline Policy, Elementary Education