After listening to songs with male dominant/female subordinant, female dominant/male subordinant, and neutral lyrics, children recalled more content when the dominant song character was of the child's sex. Boys preferred male to female characters, while girls expressed no preferences. Boys and girls generally wanted to be like the subordinant…

Reports that children between the ages of two and a half and eight made a significant distinction between "male" and "female" occupations, with the extent of the distinction increasing with age level. Discusses the implications of this for career decisions and aspirations. (Author/ST)

Children viewed videotapes of "Sesame Street" characters discussing the sex appropriateness of some toys. In free play, the children chose toys identified as sex appropriate over a comparison group of toys not shown in the videotapes, but chose the comparison toys over videotaped toys identified as inappropriate for their sex. (Author/MJL)

Investigates the beliefs held by kindergartners and second graders regarding the competence of boys v girls. Findings of this study support previous reports in that the sex-role stereotypic socialization process begins very early and that the learning increases with age. (Author)

A study of 62 children's readers in use in three Texas cities demonstrated that such books are less male-focused than they appeared to be in a similar 1972 survey. Contends that both boys and girls would benefit from a still more equitable representation. (DM)

Parental sex stereotypes, maternal employment status, and the traditionality of parental occupations were studied in relation to the traditionality of 113 preschool children's vocational interests. Only the traditionality of the mother's occupation related significantly with that of the children's interests. Discusses the role model in gender…

Parental modeling and reinforcement antecedents of masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated sex role orientations were tested for a group of college men and women. (Author)

Study of television's effectiveness in promoting nonsexist role learning found androgynous preadolescent children to be as likely as feminine children, and more likely than masculine ones, to identify nontraditional televised models. (CMG)

In a study examining attachments to celebrity figures, 79 male and female fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders and college sophomores described themselves and their favorite celebrities. It was found that such attachments are equally important to males and females, and that gender and age affect the nature of the attachment. (DM)

Examined the effect of nonstereotyped, same-sex role models on the self-esteem of children in grade three. Results from 346 multiethnic students show both girls' and boys' self-esteem increasing more with same-sex role models than with the other-sex role models. Girls responded better to a male role model than boys with a female role model. (GR)

Survey of 165 high school and college female athletes revealed the following: (1) high school subjects tend to emulate another female player; (2) of those who perceived a difference between male and female coaches as role models, high school students preferred a female coach, and college students preferred a male coach. (Author/BJV)

Female graduate students who identified female professors as role models viewed themselves as more career oriented, confident, and instrumental than female students with male faculty role models. Choice of role model was not similarly related to self-reports of stress in the student role or students' satisfaction with their department. (Author/MJL)

This article explores some of the major influences affecting the development of female sex-role identity and the psychological and social consequences of this deveopment during childhood and adolescence. (Author/EB)

Examines gender differences in 100 male and 145 female children's (in kindergarten and grades 3, 6, and 8) activities, preferred school subjects, and occupational goals in relation to parental variables (toy giving and chore assignment). Parents continue to exert gender typing pressures on children throughout the middle childhood years. (SLD)

Studies influences of male elementary school teachers on sex stereotyping behaviors of 44 male and 41 female students and 60 male and 43 female comparison students, students' assessments of male and female teachers' competence, and male students' interest in becoming teachers. Male teachers have a greater influence on boys' views. (SLD)