This study found race and sex differences with regard to proximity, smiling, and touching among preschoolers who posed for photographs with a same-sex peer and with an infant. (PCB)

This study investigated whether (a) awareness of sex typing in literature exists in preschool children; (b) children express sex role character preferences; and (c) their recall was affected by reversed sex roles. (ED)

Presents a study of college students' perceptions of parental characteristics. Examines differences in the subjects' perceptions of their mother as opposed to their father. Also examines differences in parent descriptions by sons as opposed to those of daughters. (JMB)

Developed a framework for describing and assessing the qualities of sibling relationships by interviewing upper elementary school children and administering a self-report questionnaire to fifth- and sixth-grade children. Component analysis yielded four underlying factors: warmth/closeness, relative status/power, conflict, and rivalry. Relative…

This study of 108 Israeli boys from kibbutz, moshav, and city settings supports the hypothesis of Hollos and Cowan that a basic amount of early social experiences is necessary for the development of role-taking skills. (Author/SDH)

Preschoolers and second and fifth graders were interviewed to determine their understanding of an actor's motives and the intentionality of his act after watching films and hearing stories which portrayed an actor who intentionally or accidentally injured another for either good or bad motives. (JMB)

Results appear to indicate that the belief systems of the young child about the attributes of a stimulus person can be altered extensively by introducing characteristics completely unrelated to these attributes into the semantic representation of that person. (Authors)

Two studies examined 6- to 11-year-olds' gender-related interpretations of occupational titles. Findings indicated that children were sensitive to linguistic forms of job titles, and that these sensitivities differed in relation to participant variables such as attitude. Gender-specific interpretations occurred more frequently for marked…

Results are interpreted in terms of teachers' professional and personal values. (Authors)

(Title Enough)(BJD)

Reports studies of children's interactions at home with younger siblings and/or best friends. Finds gender and group composition differences in the play activities selected, amount of positive and negative interaction, and assumption of the roles of teacher/learner, manager/manager and playmate. (CB)

Uses two self-report questionnaires in reporting that perceptions of Korean youth regarding parental control correlate positively with perceived parental warmth and low neglect. Findings contrast with studies on North American youth. Cultural variables contributing to the differences in the patterns of correlation among the Korean versus American…

Examined effects of cooperation on role taking and moral reasoning in 120 fifth-grade students. Classrooms using cooperative peer-initiated group learning were compared with other innovative and more traditional teacher-centered methods. Role taking was found to be enhanced by cooperative interdependence, but moral reasoning level was not…