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Anthony P. Carnevale; Lulu Kam; Martin Van Der Werf – Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2024
Rural America has long been perceived as "left behind" by policies that leave it struggling while benefiting bustling urban cities and suburbs. That narrative holds some truth: rural America has a declining population, along with lower educational attainment and lower workforce participation than urban America. But while rural America…
Descriptors: Rural Areas, Labor Force, Labor Force Development, Adults
McLaughlin, Diane K.; Coleman-Jensen, Alisha J. – Rural Sociology, 2008
We examine the prevalence of nonstandard employment in the nonmetropolitan United States using the Current Population Survey Supplement on Contingent Work (1999 and 2001). We find that nonstandard work is more prevalent in nonmetropolitan than in central city or suburban areas. Logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic and work…
Descriptors: Occupations, Employment Patterns, Metropolitan Areas, Incidence
Shields, Martin; Vivanco, Carolina – Center for Rural Pennsylvania, 2004
Pennsylvania, like the United States, experienced a remarkable economic expansion through the late 1990s. The significant growth and change of this decade, however, did not equally touch all regions and all industries. Traditional sectors continued to decline, while growth in what has been dubbed the "new economy," considered to be the…
Descriptors: Employment Patterns, Industry, Counties, Rural Areas
Whitener, Leslie A.; Duncan, Greg J.; Weber, Bruce A. – 2002
In May 2000, a conference on the rural dimensions of welfare reform and food assistance policy brought together researchers, welfare policy experts, and rural scholars. This issue brief summarizes some major findings of the conference and suggests future policy options to better address the differing needs of rural and urban families. Between 1994…
Descriptors: Employment Patterns, Poverty, Public Policy, Rural Areas

Cook, Annabel Kirschner – Rural Sociology, 1987
Compares influence of employment growth/diversity, commuting, retirement migration, income, unemployment, age structure, and adjacency with influence of nonfarm self-employment and percentage of labor force that is female on recent declines in nonmetropolitan growth rates. Suggests last two variables are more important determinants of…
Descriptors: Employed Women, Employment Patterns, Females, Migration Patterns
Nilsen, Sigurd R. – Rural Development Perspectives, 1985
Examines reversal of two longstanding unemployment patterns in 1980-82 recession: nonmetropolitan unemployment rate exceeded metropolitan rate and men's unemployment rate exceeded women's. Attributes reversals to recent changes in labor force: shift to service economy, expansion of women's role in workplace, and changes in women's working…
Descriptors: Employed Women, Employment Patterns, Females, Labor Force
Deavers, Kenneth L. – Rural Development Perspectives, 1991
Economies in rural areas during the 1980s were characterized by (1) fewer jobs in resource-based industries; (2) job shifts from manufacturing to services; (3) an increasing concentration of low-wage, low-skill jobs in rural areas; and (4) a growing earnings gap and outmigration of the best educated rural workers. (KS)
Descriptors: Economic Change, Employment Patterns, Rural Areas, Rural Development
Parker, Timothy S. – Rural Development Perspectives, 1991
Relative to metro growth, nonmetropolitan employment growth was 0.7-1.0 percent lower in the 1970s and 1980s than expected based on eight labor force and labor market variables. Discrepancies between actual and expected growth increased in more rural counties, suggesting the importance of the spatial dimension of rurality. (SV)
Descriptors: Economic Factors, Employment Patterns, Labor Force, Labor Market
Teixeira, Ruy A.; Mishel, Lawrence – 1992
This paper analyzes economic trends to determine if education should be the focal point for rural economic development. According to the labor shortage/skills mismatch view, the movement toward a "service economy" will accelerate in the 1990s, increasing the number of skilled jobs and the demand for skilled workers. This…
Descriptors: Economic Development, Educational Attainment, Employment Patterns, Job Skills
Pollack, Susan; Pendleton, Shelley – Rural Development Perspectives, 1986
Unemployment rates vary considerably across nonmetro counties, where adjusted average annual unemployment rate was 12.2% in 1984 compared with 10.4% in metro areas. Differences in unemployment rates among nonmetro areas can be explained in part according to their dependence on agriculture, mining, manufacturing, or other single sources of income.…
Descriptors: Community Characteristics, Comparative Analysis, Demography, Differences

Fleischer, Aliza; Applebaum, Levia – Journal of Rural Studies, 1992
A survey (n=306) of female employment patterns in the peripheral areas of Israel has shown that labor force participation rates differ across regions and types of settlements. Found that urban and rural women from the same region have different participation rates because of their different socioeconomic characteristics. (KS)
Descriptors: Employment Opportunities, Employment Patterns, Farm Labor, Females
Malley, James R.; Hady, Thomas F. – Rural Development Perspectives, 1987
Diversification of rural economies and changes in financial markets and world trade have broken down many barriers that insulated rural areas in the past. United States rural areas--the rural South and Northeast in particular--now appear to be affected slightly more than urban areas by national monetary and fiscal policies. (JHZ)
Descriptors: Economic Climate, Economic Factors, Employment Patterns, Financial Policy

Maret, Elizabeth; Chenoweth, Lillian – Rural Sociology, 1979
Investigation centered on patterns and determinants of labor market participation for women living within the economic boundaries of standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) and those relatively isolated from urban centers. Significant differences were noted. Determinants noted included husband's attitude, marital status, and respondent's…
Descriptors: Adults, Attitudes, Employed Women, Employment Patterns
Beaulieu, Lionel J.; Barfield, Melissa A.; Stone, Katherine L. – Rural America, 2001
The percentage of high school graduates in the rural South improved during the 1990s but lagged behind urban figures; the percentage of rural college graduates grew slightly. Rural-urban differences in educational attainment were even greater among minorities. The rural-urban income gap also widened and is not expected to improve, with few new…
Descriptors: Economic Change, Educational Attainment, Educational Status Comparison, Employment Patterns
Isserman, Andrew M. – 1996
The 1964 Report of the President's Appalachian Regional Commission reinforced the popular image of Appalachia--low income, high poverty, limited education, poor living standards, job deficits, high unemployment, outmigration, stagnation, and decline. Current data indicate that conditions in Appalachia have improved greatly: the percentage of…
Descriptors: Demography, Educational Attainment, Employment Patterns, High School Graduates