There was a notable transition in the nature, content, and administration of rural policies in many developed nations in the 1980s and 1990s. These changes concerned issues of governance and institutional framework, the definition of "development," and policy goals and content. A key question, however, concerns the extent to which shifts…

A first attempt is made to place in perspective the accumulated experience of nearly 20 years of community development activity in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to stimulate further inquiry into community development practice, process, and theory in order for it to become a more effective instrument in the…

The purpose of this paper is to trace the rise and fall of community development and to draw lessons for developing countries and donors interested in helping the rural poor. Community development is defined as a process, method, program, institution, and/or movement involving communities in the solution of problems, teaching democratic processes,…

Helping undergraduate college geography students understand the processes and forces which, in the name of modernization, continue to intensify a world spatial disequilibrium in the relations of people and resources is the purpose of this resource paper. It presents current ideas in social science research on modernization and development with…

It is estimated that there are over 10,000 non-governmental groups and initiatives in West Germany devoted to improving the quality of life of people in the developing countries. Many of these projects consist of churches helping churches, such as Misereor, the charity organization of German Catholics, or Brot fur die Welt (Bread for the World),…

Development programs have usually been organized for a one-way flow of information, from the experts to the users. This is especially true of American programs in "less developed" countries. A better arrangement would allow at least a two-way flow of information, so that, for example, clients could tell experts what problems need to be solved.…

The scope of Western development service organizations includes acting as employment organizations assuring work experience; educational organizations building skills and knowledge; and nonelitist participatory organizations promoting citizen involvement. The organizations provide the following general kinds of services: (1) training and…

In recent years there has been a marked increase in the output of literature linking economics with education. In the past, most of the professional literature in this area dealt either with educational finance (the economics of education) or, in a general way, with the role of education in economic development. Current literature continues to…