The author uses a simulation model to illustrate how the farm crisis is expected to affect rural businesses and governments. He offers the results and implications for private and public decisions makers as an aid to planning for efficient delivery of services. (Author/CH)

Chayanov's ideas on rural development (farmer participation in agricultural evolution, increasing the scope and differentiation of extension activities, and using methods adapted to farmers' characteristics) could be usefully applied today in reforming Russian agriculture. (SK)

As Irish farm households face difficulty remaining viable, the state-funded agricultural advisory service is beginning to charge for services and is suffering from a hiring freeze. Other rural development extension services are emerging and the role of traditional extension is being reevaluated. (SK)

Essential aspects of a linkage model for rural development and extension are an umbrella organization representing subcommunities and having overall coordination responsibility and program development committees. Principles include the following: development is about self-help; degree of community participation determines effectiveness; and…

Protas and de Andrade state that rural extension efforts in developing nations should not expect the participation of "progressive" farmers to lead to larger participation of other farmers in adopting innovations. Van den Bar offers comments on the article. (SK)

Proposes reasons for the precipitous drop in the number of Black farmers since the 1950s. Today, most Black farmers have very small operations and are at an advanced age. A healthy rural nonfarm economy is essential to supplement farmers incomes. The Agriculture Credit Act of 1987 offers low-interest loans to Black farmers. (KS)

Although failures have been encountered in the West African cooperative movement, farm cooperatives are an indispensable tool for rural development. They can generate an investment budget at the village level and can provide a stimulating framework for education. The Senegalese farm cooperative movement has experienced a number of problems. Three…

Using as an example the radical transformation under way in the food and fiber sector of the economy, the authors inspect the mounting interest in rural development and the lack of interdisciplinary thrust among behavioral scientists identified with agricultural research and service. In considering the emerging structural requirements for…

Describes a public health program designed to improve the standard of living of Latin American farmers. Outlines a training course for veterinarian-instructors who are sent to rural areas to teach farmers principles of animal health and disease control. (SK)

An effort to introduce the plow to Timor farmers faced following barriers: nature of the land and climate, strongly demarcated traditional system, tensions among ethnic groups, cattlelords system, necessary time to place/retain trainers in villages. Positive factors were concrete results, use of small groups and native trainers, age of adopters,…

Information concerning Slovene rural development was presented in the form of 5 study reports from which statistical notation was deleted for readability. The purpose of these reports was to provide an accurate opinion reading concerning extension program dimensions and target audiences, and to provide information for agronoms (extension agents…

An attempt to formulate a more global but functional framework for analyzing local organizations as mechanisms for citizen participation in development is presented in this paper. Both the review of the literature and the prescriptive guides to action are presented under the following headings: membership and leadership, management of alienation…

Discusses the use of participatory video in rural underdeveloped countries and describes a video project in Costa Rica that helped farmers with agricultural management and soil erosion problems. Video production considerations are described, and the use of role playing to supplement documentation is explained. (four references) (LRW)

An assessment of four community-based agricultural initiatives in South Africa's former Black Homelands indicates that the success of such ventures in terms of community self-reliance, job creation, and poverty alleviation depends upon access to markets; community resources and infrastructure; and training and technical assistance provided by…