China has adopted an unbalanced policy for economic development to improve its domestic economy and international competitiveness for more than three decades. During this process, rural education has undergone a series of reforms. With reference to compulsory education, this article argues that rural education in China is a pragmatic instrument…

Since 2001 there has been an increase in migration patterns by Indigenous families from remote communities to urban and semi-rural locations. Indigenous student emigration from remote Indigenous schools to urban and semi-rural schools is an emerging crisis as there are routinely inadequate service providers for Indigenous emigres. Migration away…

This article offers a pedagogical module that explores the geography of blues culture across the Mississippi Delta. By focusing on blues culture, rather than simply blues music itself, this project provides a forum for understanding the broader geographical conditions from which this musical form emerged. This module utilizes place-based…

Turkey is a country that has experienced and continues to experience a dramatic degree of both rural-to-urban and inter-regional internal migration. Migrants tend to settle in "gecekondu" areas in either established inner-city neighborhoods or in newer squatter settlements built on undeveloped land bordering rural areas on the urban…

It is estimated that more than 10% of China's population has left their villages and hometowns as millions of farmers have descended upon cities and urban centers in response to a huge demand for labor since the economic reform launched in the late 1970s (Li, 2006). Approximately 19.8 million children are believed to have accompanied their parents…

Exchanges of population between supposedly "urban" and "rural" spaces have occurred throughout history as people migrate between areas with relatively, densely and sparsely settled populations. However, comparatively little is known about whether the same small areas persistently contribute to the flow and what types of…

This report focuses on a group of young people who were living in non-metropolitan areas in their final years of secondary school, and the pathways they followed in the years following secondary school, including their geographic mobility and participation in education, training and employment. Rural communities have long felt concern about the…

Data from the 1970 census show that black migrants to six of the nation's largest cities were less likely to be poor or on welfare than blacks born and raised in these cities. The cross-sectional pattern suggests that black migrants from the South may initially experience fairly high rates of poverty and welfare dependence, but after a few years…

The objective of this paper is to examine possible changes in the extent of the turnaround in growth patterns between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas throughout the 1970s. Comparisons of trends in both kinds of areas are made across three time periods: 1970-74, 1974-77, and 1977-80. Data used in the analysis are from a special file of…

Reviews the migration of African Americans from the rural South to Los Angeles (California) between 1915 and 1945. Emphasizes their continuous struggle to overcome employment and housing discrimination. (FMW)

A longitudinal survey, conducted 1979-88, indicates that young adults leaving nonmetro areas followed complex migration patterns normally involving multiple moves, including 15% who returned from cities to counties of origin. Rural outmigration rates and patterns differed by race and ethnicity, income, and geographic proximity to urban areas.…

Evidence of a marked decline in the number and rate of net out-migration from the Southern Appalachians during the 1960-66 period as compared with the 1950-60 decade is presented in this paper. There remains, however, considerable variation among the migration patterns for counties in different parts of the region. In all, nearly one-quarter of…

The article examines gross migration of households between nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas, as well as the corresponding counterstream, from 1965 to 1970. Using data from the 15 percent sample of the 1970 census, gross migration flows and rates are estimated and cross-classified by race, age, and marital status. (Author/NQ)

Results indicate that rural-urban migration seems to be a source of increasing class consciousness in Spain's industrial workforce in two ways, neither of which supports a mass society interpretation of working-class politics in that country. (Author)