Analysis of Current Population Survey data for 1973-86 found that, although the aggregate union wage premium has changed little since 1973, some industry-specific premiums have risen substantially. Industries with rising premiums are those experiencing declines in union employment shares. (Author/SK)

Wages of female workers differ significantly by industry. The average woman earns about 65% as much as the average man; 12%-22% of the gap is explained by differences in patterns of interindustry wage differentials and 15%-19% by differences in gender distribution of workers. Combined industry effects explain about one-third of the gender wage…

Analysis of data from 529 female and 1,343 male physicians found a strong positive correlation between women's perceptions of the gender income differences they experienced and econometric estimates of those differences. Women accurately perceived wage discrimination and used their perception in determining the amount they were underpaid. (SK)

Analysis of data from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey shows that, on average, men and women hold jobs with substantially different working conditions and that these differences contribute significantly to the explanation of differences in average earnings between men and women. (Author/SK)

British panel data from 1991-1996 on 950 men indicated that the 60% who were union covered were more likely to receive training and more days of training than those not covered by unions. Among trained workers, union-covered ones received higher returns and greater wage growth. (Contains 48 references.) (SK)

Estimating salary regressions on data from the 1993-94 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study showed that gender differences in total college credits accounted for more of the male-female salary gap than majors, grades, or institutions. Gender differences in job sector, industry, and hours worked had the largest effect on the gap. However, as…

Data from the 1985 Hospital Industry Wage Survey were used to examine pay in four occupations (radiographers, food service workers, nurses, and physical therapists). If a hospital paid high wages to one occupation, it was likely to do the same for others. Analysis of supervisor-to-staff ratios showed that nurses' wages tended to fall with the…

A study found that women in female-dominated jobs earned 6-15 percent less than women with the same characteristics in other occupations. These results support the hypothesis that women are crowded into "female" jobs because of employer discrimination, resulting in lower wages for these jobs. (JOW)

From 1976 to 1992, gender integration of occupations proceeded more rapidly and steadily in the federal civil service than in the general economy. Increasing numbers of women moved into traditional male occupations; little of this progress was attributed to changes in women's education or seniority. (SK)

Despite rapid structural change in Taiwan, the gender earnings ratio between 1978-82 remained at 65%. Women's relative gains in education and experience were apparently offset by an increase in wage discrimination. (SK)

A study of the impact of international competition on union and nonunion wages found that international competition was a significant determinant and that the net negative effect of a given import share of union and nonunion wages decreased sharply in absolute magnitude as the percentage of organized workers increased. (Author)

A study investigated the relationship between military-provided training and postservice employment for those who enlisted in the "all-volunteer" era that began in 1974. Results indicated that transfer of skills to civilian employment was as high for military training as for civilian training. (JOW)

Analysis of data on collective bargaining outcomes in Pennsylvania schools (1983-89) showed that the higher the median level of teacher tenure in a district, the greater the pay gap between high- and low-tenured teachers. (SK)

A literature review shows that job displacement is widespread, peaks during economic downturns, and is concentrated in states and industries that are doing poorly. Displaced workers experience more nonemployment than do nondisplaced workers and their earning losses are large and persistent. Outcomes for all displaced workers are heavily influenced…

Examines whether wage differentials based on race have disappeared from the labor market for young men. Found a significant Black-White difference, but an insignificant Hispanic-White difference. (JOW)