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Leslie Rutkowski; David Rutkowski – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2025
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) introduced creative thinking as an innovative domain in 2022. This paper examines the unique methodological issues in international assessments and the implications of measuring creative thinking within PISA's framework, including stratified sampling, rotated form designs, and a distinct…
Descriptors: Creativity, Creative Thinking, Measurement, Sampling
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Brunner, Martin; Keller, Lena; Stallasch, Sophie E.; Kretschmann, Julia; Hasl, Andrea; Preckel, Franzis; Lüdtke, Oliver; Hedges, Larry V. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Descriptive analyses of socially important or theoretically interesting phenomena and trends are a vital component of research in the behavioral, social, economic, and health sciences. Such analyses yield reliable results when using representative individual participant data (IPD) from studies with complex survey designs, including educational…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Surveys, Research Design, Educational Research