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Phillips, Gary W. – Applied Measurement in Education, 2015
This article proposes that sampling design effects have potentially huge unrecognized impacts on the results reported by large-scale district and state assessments in the United States. When design effects are unrecognized and unaccounted for they lead to underestimating the sampling error in item and test statistics. Underestimating the sampling…
Descriptors: State Programs, Sampling, Research Design, Error of Measurement

Kolen, Michael J. – Applied Measurement in Education, 1990
Articles on equating test forms in this issue are reviewed and discussed. The results of these papers collectively indicate that matching on the anchor test does not result in more accurate equating. Implications for research are discussed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Item Response Theory, Research Design, Sampling

Dorans, Neil J. – Applied Measurement in Education, 1990
The equating methods and sampling designs used in the empirical studies in this special issue on the use of matched samples for test equating are described. Four requisites for equating are listed, and the invariance of equating functions requisite is identified as the focus of this issue. (SLD)
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Equations (Mathematics), Evaluation Methods, Item Response Theory