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An, Weihua – Sociological Methods & Research, 2016
One interesting idea in social network analysis is the directionality test that utilizes the directions of social ties to help identify peer effects. The null hypothesis of the test is that if contextual factors are the only force that affects peer outcomes, the estimated peer effects should not differ, if the directions of social ties are…
Descriptors: Peer Relationship, Social Networks, Statistical Analysis, Network Analysis
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Koparan, Timur – International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2015
The purpose of this study is to define teacher views about the difficulties in learning and teaching middle school statistics subjects. To serve this aim, a number of interviews were conducted with 10 middle school maths teachers in 2011-2012 school year in the province of Trabzon. Of the qualitative descriptive research methods, the…
Descriptors: Statistics, Teaching Methods, Barriers, Learning Problems
Karabatsos, G.; Walker, S.G. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2010
Causal inference is central to educational research, where in data analysis the aim is to learn the causal effects of educational treatments on academic achievement, to evaluate educational policies and practice. Compared to a correlational analysis, a causal analysis enables policymakers to make more meaningful statements about the efficacy of…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Causal Models, Educational Research, Writing Instruction