The utilization of instructional scaffolding is a crucial element in the process of imparting novel knowledge or skills to students. This approach involves the teacher providing and modifying support for students in order to optimize their classroom participation and academic outcomes. The present study offers an examination of a seventh-grade…

The study reported in this paper was conducted to examine four South African grades 7 teachers' understanding of the importance of instructional time as a teaching resource to develop learners' relational understanding in mathematics. A constructivist philosophical approach, document analysis, lesson observations and interviews were used to…

As schools continue to focus on outcome-based instructional practices, less emphasis is placed on the creativity and reasoning necessary for students to become effective critical thinkers. As a result, students struggle to demonstrate creative problem-solving skills in the classroom. This study examines how the facilitation of an instructional…

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an important method in STEM courses that can help learners acquire knowledge by discovering, organizing, and integrating materials. However, learners may not perform well without scaffolding, which results in purely participation in tasks without solid knowledge acquisition. To guarantee SRL effectiveness,…

Teacher scaffolding is crucial to promote students' cooperative learning processes, but little is known about the cognitive attention underlying teachers' scaffolding behavior. This study aims to investigate the scaffolding behavior teachers exhibit while intervening in students' cooperative learning and to explore the relation between teachers'…

Historical reasoning, as a disciplinary literacy, aims to develop higher-order thinking in addition to depth of historical knowledge beyond the textbook and memorization of facts. It teaches students to use information across multiple sources to contextualize and corroborate historical accounts, constructing an informed yet critical interpretation…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has experienced increasing utilization and poses new challenges for schoolteachers to engage students. Project-based Learning (PBL) is widely acknowledged as an effective pedagogy for motivating and involving students. However, few studies have examined scaffolds that facilitate student engagement in…

Background: As the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to increase, there is a need for effective scaffolding and support for novice learners. Educators have encountered challenges in effectively scaffolding novice learners AI concepts, and providing appropriate motivational support. Research evidence has shown the potential of…

Fostering spoken communication in a foreign language classroom is not an easy task. With that in mind, this paper explores a proposal to motivate students' L2 oral communication through the practice of narrative games called tabletop roleplaying games adapted as task-based activities. It implied an action research process in which the…

Errors in mathematics are common hurdles for teachers and students; therefore, it is important to learn what errors students make and how students treat them. This study initially identified the types of errors students made while working with algebraic expressions and documented and analyzed the process of students completing an error analysis…

Focusing on the sustainability and affordability when using information technology, the mechanism of student-generated questioning (SGQ) and scaffolding for SGQ in reading comprehension tasks were explored within the self-regulated learning framework in this study. We employed a mixed methods design to examine the effects of scaffolding in an SGQ…

Middle school social studies teachers are increasingly working on argument writing in their classrooms so that students can successfully write counterarguments that acknowledge competing perspectives about historical and social issues by the end of eighth grade. The authors' prior research indicates that eighth-grade students "can" grow…

Although visual representations are generally beneficial for learners, past research also suggests that often only a subset of learners benefits from visual representations. In this work, we designed and evaluated anticipatory diagrammatic self- explanation, a novel form of instructional scaffolding in which visual representations are used to…

The purpose of this study was to explore how students interacted with guidance to conduct a scientific inquiry in a physics simulation by using the eye-tracking techniques. The participants were 51 7th graders, and an eye-tracking system was used to record their visual behaviors and log data while they were using the simulation. As for data…

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a critical component of mathematics problem-solving. Students skilled in SRL are more likely to effectively set goals, search for information, and direct their attention and cognitive process so that they align their efforts with their objectives. An influential framework for SRL, the SMART model (Winne, 2017),…