Despite well-designed curriculum materials, teachers often face challenges in their implementation due to diverse classroom needs. This paper investigates whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can support middle-school math teachers by helping create high-quality curriculum scaffolds, which we define as the adaptations and supplements teachers…

The concept of scaffolding in the learning process refers to teacher assistance to all students in the class when they are unable to solve math problems correctly, which is identified by errors in solving the issues. The assistance in question is temporary. The diversity of students' academic abilities in the class influences the teacher's…

Background: Collaborative programming is important and challenging for K12 students. Scaffolding is a vital method to support students' collaborative programming learning. However, conventional scaffolding that does not fade may lead students to become overly dependent, resulting in unsatisfactory programming performance. Objectives: This study…

Game-based learning (GBL) has long been recognized as an effective way to engage students in learning through games, but little emphasis has been placed on scaffolding support for students, which hinders their learning. Therefore, our design of Space Adventure GBL ties games closely to scaffolds at every stage and investigates what role games and…

Teaching methods to promote cooperative learning may shape mathematics teachers' roles in the classroom, requiring a shift from direct supervision to delegating authority to small groups of students. While it is widely acknowledged that mathematics teachers' beliefs play a crucial role in shaping their instructional practices and behaviors, there…

Spatial perspective-taking (SPT) ability positively influences performance in STEM fields. While limited research studies have been done with school students, they have yielded inconclusive findings and, hence, here we report findings from our study with an augmented reality (AR) enhanced learning environment (ARELE), GeoSolvAR, on middle-school…

The paper reports qualitative findings from a study about how science teachers enacted discursive purposes and talk moves to support the students' experiments. Science teachers may have difficulties assisting students in designing and conducting valid and reliable experiments as the core epistemic practice of science teaching and learning. It is…

Instructional scaffolds may promote science learning, particularly for topics that are controversial. Scaffolding may also need to be autonomy supportive, particularly for adolescents, and designed to facilitate scientific discourse and agency. The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences in middle school students' discourse and…

Teaching and learning Computational Thinking (CT) is at the forefront of educational interest. In the process of teaching and learning CT, learning strategies and tools play an important role. Efforts have been made to apply several learning strategies for teaching Computational Thinking. Among them, game-based learning and scaffolding are widely…

This study aims to analyze themes as elements of teachers' questioning strategies as a scaffold for learners to understand and construct knowledge and their contribution to presenting knowledge in writing. This study followed a qualitative case research design involving two teachers who differed in their experience profiles in the teaching of…

The utilization of instructional scaffolding is a crucial element in the process of imparting novel knowledge or skills to students. This approach involves the teacher providing and modifying support for students in order to optimize their classroom participation and academic outcomes. The present study offers an examination of a seventh-grade…

Research into the effective teaching of science to emergent bilinguals has converged around key theoretical perspectives and led to expansive empirical evidence that emphasizes the integration of science learning with language/literacy development. Simultaneously, formative assessment has been touted as one of the key components of effective…

In this article, the authors focus on using board work to scaffold what they call "joint sense making," because effective mathematics instruction is, at its heart, characterized by teachers and students engaging collaboratively in making sense of mathematical ideas (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2009, 2014). This sense…

Throughout the learning process, English learners should meaningfully engage with both their peers and the mathematics. How do mathematics teachers provide the "just-right" supports for English learners to insure this happens? What scaffolds are best? How do teachers make adjustments to these scaffolds based on the needs of the…

Recent reform initiatives in STEM disciplines inspired the development and implementation of integrated STEM approaches to science teaching and learning. Integrated STEM as an approach to science teaching and learning leverages engineering principles and practices to situate learning in an authentic and meaningful science learning environment.…