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Distribution of Disease-Associated Copy Number Variants across Distinct Disorders of Cognitive Development
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Pescosolido, Matthew F.; Gamsiz, Ece D.; Nagpal, Shailender; Morrow, Eric M. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to discover the extent to which distinct "DSM" disorders share large, highly recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) as susceptibility factors. We also sought to identify gene mechanisms common to groups of diagnoses and/or specific to a given diagnosis based on associations with CNVs. Method:…
Descriptors: Diseases, Genetics, Autism, Schizophrenia
Parietal Lobe Volume Deficits in Adolescents with Schizophrenia and Adolescents with Cannabis Use Disorders
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Kumra, Sanjiv; Robinson, Paul; Tambyraja, Rabindra; Jensen, Daniel; Schimunek, Caroline; Houri, Alaa; Reis, Tiffany; Lim, Kelvin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: In early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), the earliest structural brain volumetric abnormalities appear in the parietal cortices. Early exposure to cannabis may represent an environmental risk factor for developing schizophrenia. This study characterized cerebral cortical gray matter structure in adolescents in regions of interest (ROIs) that…
Descriptors: Marijuana, Schizophrenia, Brain, At Risk Persons
Hippocampal Shape Abnormalities of Patients with Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia and Their Unaffected Siblings
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Johnson, Sarah L. M.; Wang, Lei; Alpert, Kathryn I.; Greenstein, Deanna; Clasen, Liv; Lalonde, Francois; Miller, Rachel; Rapoport, Judith; Gogtay, Nitin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013
Objective: The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and hippocampal volume deficits have been a consistently reported abnormality, but the subregional specificity of the deficits remains unknown. The authors explored the nature and developmental trajectory of subregional shape abnormalities of the hippocampus in…
Descriptors: Genetics, Children, Pathology, Attention Deficit Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Controls
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Gadow, Kenneth D. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: This study compared the differential severity of specific symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and child psychiatry outpatient referrals (controls). Each group was further subdivided into subgroups with and without co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).…
Descriptors: Rating Scales, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism, Etiology
Neurocognitive Outcomes in the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Study
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Frazier, Jean A.; Giuliano, Anthony J.; Johnson, Jacqueline L.; Yakutis, Lauren; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Breiger, David; Sikich, Linmarie; Findling, Robert L.; McClellan, Jon; Hamer, Robert M.; Vitiello, Benedetto; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Hooper, Stephen R. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: To assess neurocognitive outcomes following antipsychotic intervention in youth enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS). Method: Neurocognitive functioning of youth (ages 8 to 19 years) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was evaluated…
Descriptors: Intervention, Schizophrenia, Children, Effect Size
Normalization of Cortical Gray Matter Deficits in Nonpsychotic Siblings of Patients with Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
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Mattai, Anand A.; Weisinger, Brian; Greenstein, Deanna; Stidd, Reva; Clasen, Liv; Miller, Rachel; Tossell, Julia W.; Rapoport, Judith L.; Gogtay, Nitin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: Cortical gray matter (GM) abnormalities in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) progress during adolescence ultimately localizing to prefrontal and temporal cortices by early adult age. A previous study of 52 nonpsychotic siblings of COS probands had significant prefrontal and temporal GM deficits that appeared to…
Descriptors: Siblings, Schizophrenia, Adolescents, Children
Abnormal Functional Activation and Connectivity in the Working Memory Network in Early-Onset Schizophrenia
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Kyriakopoulos, Marinos; Dima, Danai; Roiser, Jonathan P.; Corrigall, Richard; Barker, Gareth J.; Frangou, Sophia – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: Disruption within the working memory (WM) neural network is considered an integral feature of schizophrenia. The WM network, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in particular, undergo significant remodeling in late adolescence. Potential interactions between developmental changes in the WM network and disease-related…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Adolescent Development, Neurological Organization, Adolescents
Treatment Moderators and Predictors of Outcome in the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) Study
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Vitiello, Benedetto; Riddle, Mark A.; Yenokyan, Gayane; Axelson, David A.; Wagner, Karen D.; Joshi, Paramjit; Walkup, John T.; Luby, Joan; Birmaher, Boris; Ryan, Neal D.; Emslie, Graham; Robb, Adelaide; Tillman, Rebecca – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: Both the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in youth remain the subject of debate. In the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) study, risperidone was more effective than lithium or divalproex in children diagnosed with bipolar mania and highly comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We searched for…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Obesity, Schizophrenia, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Double-Blind Maintenance Safety and Effectiveness Findings from the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum (TEOSS) Study
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Findling, Robert L.; Johnson, Jacqueline L.; McClellan, Jon; Frazier, Jean A.; Vitiello, Benedetto; Hamer, Robert M.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Ritz, Louise; McNamara, Nora K.; Lingler, Jacqui; Hlastala, Stefanie; Pierson, Leslie; Puglia, Madeline; Maloney, Ann E.; Kaufman, Emily Michael; Noyes, Nancy; Sikich, Linmarie – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: To examine the long-term safety and efficacy of three antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Method: Patients (8 to 19 years old) who had improved during an 8-week, randomized, double-blind acute trial of olanzapine, risperidone, or molindone (plus benztropine) were eligible to continue on the same medication…
Descriptors: Maintenance, Safety, Schizophrenia, Drug Therapy
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia: High Rate of Visual Hallucinations
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David, Christopher N.; Greenstein, Deanna; Clasen, Liv; Gochman, Pete; Miller, Rachel; Tossell, Julia W.; Mattai, Anand A.; Gogtay, Nitin; Rapoport, Judith L. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: To document high rates and clinical correlates of nonauditory hallucinations in childhood onset schizophrenia (COS). Method: Within a sample of 117 pediatric patients (mean age 13.6 years), diagnosed with COS, the presence of auditory, visual, somatic/tactile, and olfactory hallucinations was examined using the Scale for the Assessment…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Intelligence Quotient, Children
Mapping Cortical Morphology in Youth with Velocardiofacial (22q11.2 Deletion) Syndrome
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Kates, Wendy R.; Bansal, Ravi; Fremont, Wanda; Antshel, Kevin M.; Hao, Xuejun; Higgins, Anne Marie; Liu, Jun; Shprintzen, Robert J.; Peterson, Bradley S. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome) represents one of the highest known risk factors for schizophrenia. Insofar as up to 30% of individuals with this genetic disorder develop schizophrenia, VCFS constitutes a unique, etiologically homogeneous model for understanding the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Method:…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Models, Longitudinal Studies
Clinical, Demographic, and Familial Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders among Offspring of Parents with Bipolar Disorder
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Goldstein, Benjamin I.; Shamseddeen, Wael; Axelson, David A.; Kalas, Cathy; Monk, Kelly; Brent, David A.; Kupfer, David J.; Birmaher, Boris – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010
Objective: Despite increased risk, most offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BP) do not manifest BP. The identification of risk factors for BP among offspring could improve preventive and treatment strategies. We examined this topic in the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study (BIOS). Method: Subjects included 388 offspring, ages 7-17 years,…
Descriptors: Mental Disorders, Risk, Children, Adolescents
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Clinical and Biological Contributions to a Relation Revisited
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Rapopart, Judith; Chavez, Alex; Greenstein, Deanna; Addington, Anjene; Gogtay, Nitin – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009
Clinical, demographic, and brain development data on childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and family, imaging and genetic data from studies of autism were reviewed. It is found that COS is preceded by and comorbid with autism/pervasive developmental disorder and schizophrenia in 30 to 50 percent of cases based on two large studies.
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Autism, Children, Brain
Olanzapine versus Placebo in Adolescents with Schizophrenia; a 6-Week, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
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Kryzhanovskaya, Ludmila; Schulz, Charles; McDougle, Christopher; Frazier, Jean; Dittman, Ralf; Robertson-Plouch, Carol; Bauer, Theresa; Xu, Wen; Wang, Wei; Carlson, Janice; Tohen, Mauricio – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009
The efficacy of olanzapine in treating schizophrenia was tested through a placebo-controlled trial involving one hundred seven inpatient and outpatients adolescents. Patients who took olanzapine experienced significant symptom improvement.
Descriptors: Patients, Adolescents, Schizophrenia, Drug Therapy
Thought Disorder and Communication Deviance as Predictors of Outcome in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
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Bearden, Carrie E.; Wu, Keng Nei; Caplan, Rochelle; Cannon, Tyrone D. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011
Objective: Given the fundamental role of thought disorder in schizophrenia, subtle communication disturbance may be a valuable predictor of subsequent development of psychosis. Here we examined the contribution of thought and communication disturbance to the prediction of outcome in adolescents identified as putatively prodromal for psychosis.…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Schizophrenia, At Risk Persons, Adolescents
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