A total of 7488 7th-12th grade African-American students completed a survey assessing factors associated with recent alcohol use. Results indicated that 13.6% used alcohol in the past month. A series of odds ratios revealed that making good grades, participating in school activities, attending church, and having parents/teachers talk about the…

This study assessed the immediate and short-term outcomes of adapting a culturally-grounded middle school program, "keepin' it REAL", for elementary school students. After curriculum adaptation, 10 schools were randomly assigned to the intervention in 5th grade with follow-up boosters in 6th grade; 13 schools were randomly assigned to the control…

Conducted telephone survey on state efforts to evaluate school programs funded under Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act. Some states reported studies of program implementation and some reported drug- and alcohol-use surveys. Together, these two types of evaluation efforts formed foundation of approach for conducting evaluations under the act.…

Reviews programs and intervention strategies of substance abuse prevention in Israel, concentrating mainly on stages of primary and secondary prevention among youth. Analyzes school-based prevention programs, those designed for detached youth, and community-based programs. Compares prevention efforts in Israel to those in other Western countries.…

Reviews 1984 Rand Corporation report recommendation that preventive education is most effective way to prevent adolescent drug abuse within the context of theories related to the causes of drug abuse integrated with the PRECEDE model of health education program planning. Concludes that many variables influencing adolescent drug use are not within…

Details theoretical standpoint, procedures, and instruments used to evaluate school-based substance abuse prevention in New York City. Discusses outcome measures and argues that the process by which the outcome behavioral change was achieved must be explored before the outcomes are certified as beneficial and appropriate for an educational…

Evaluated high school peer counseling (PRC) program. Found that significantly larger proportion of students in PRC group had more favorable attitude toward content of PRC program when compared to content of what they learned from regular curricula and had more favorable attitude toward PRC instructor than toward regular teachers. PRC trainee…

Used meta-analysis to review 33 evaluations of school-based alcohol and drug education programs. Found typical substance abuse education had most positive effects on knowledge and attitudes, but was unsuccessful in changing drug-using behaviors of students. Attitudinal effects were significantly higher when peers were instructional leaders and…

A literature review of research on adolescent drinking and driving reveals which subgroups are most likely to drink and drive, where and why drinking and driving occur, peer- and family-related issues, and adolescent expectancies and perceived efficacies associated with drinking and drinking/driving behavior. The use of etiologic data in…

Reviews the effectiveness of prevention programs in reducing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Results reveal that prevention programs, to date, have been successful in raising awareness of FAS; however this awareness has not been translated into behavioral changes in high-risk drinkers as consumption levels in this group have increased. (Author/MKA)

Performed meta-analysis upon eight California school-based risk reduction programs designed to deter fourth through eighth grade students from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. Found that information-focused interventions had more impact upon knowledge but less upon attitudes and behavior whereas alternative interventions had less…